Exam 5: Principles of Epidemiology

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. In its study of disease progression, epidemiology uses a variety of tools, including clinical, microbiological, pathological, demographic, sociological, and statistical tools, in a rigorous, scientific approach. Based on the epidemiologic method, answer the following questions. -Would a cohort study be appropriate to investigate your hypothesis? Why or why not?

Define epidemiology and its relationship to community nutrition.

The most rigorous evaluation of a dietary hypothesis is the

_____ bias may occur if study participants were self-selected or not randomly assigned.

Describe two examples of how the results of epidemiological studies have impacted the nutritional status of Americans.

The most appropriate use of a correlational study is

In planning an experimental trial,the investigator identifies a cause-effect comparison to be tested as a research hypothesis.

Can data derived from an ecological study accurately yield a conclusion that consumption (or lack thereof)of a specific nutrient can lead to the development of a given disease? Why or why not?

Define confounding factors.List three possible confounding factors in an epidemiological study.

Food balance sheets measure the food actually ingested by a population.

_____ studies compare the frequency of events (or disease rates)in different populations.

A retrospective cohort study is one that follows a group into the future.

List four reasons for reading journal articles on a regular basis,and explain how you might become a better professional from reading these articles.

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. In its study of disease progression, epidemiology uses a variety of tools, including clinical, microbiological, pathological, demographic, sociological, and statistical tools, in a rigorous, scientific approach. Based on the epidemiologic method, answer the following questions. -What role might the community nutritionist play in this study?

Explain prevalence rates and how they differ from incidence rates.

The incidence rate can be determined by _____ studies.

Some of the leading risk factors for heart disease include cigarette smoking,physical inactivity,male gender,and obesity.

Which of the phases of the epidemiologic method is illustrated in this statement? "Many years of investigation have shown that atherosclerosis can be induced in laboratory animals by feeding them a diet rich in fats and cholesterol."

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. In its study of disease progression, epidemiology uses a variety of tools, including clinical, microbiological, pathological, demographic, sociological, and statistical tools, in a rigorous, scientific approach. Based on the epidemiologic method, answer the following questions. -Make an observation of the diet-cancer relationship.

List the steps of the scientific method in order.