Question 1

Which structure is directly associated with synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  axon 
B)  vesicles 
C)  nodes of Ranvier 
D)  cell body 
A)  axon 
B)  vesicles 
C)  nodes of Ranvier 
D)  cell body

Question 2

An individual has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a disease that leads to deterioration of the myelin sheath that covers some neurons. What is a likely physical symptom of this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  inability to control muscle movements 
B)  progressive memory loss 
C)  feeling of euphoria 
D)  inability to concentrate in chaotic situations 
A)  inability to control muscle movements 
B)  progressive memory loss 
C)  feeling of euphoria 
D)  inability to concentrate in chaotic situations

Question 3

What process occurs when potassium ions diffuse out of a nerve cell and the inside of the cell again becomes more negative than the outside?

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization 
B)  polarization 
C)  repolarization 
D)  threshold 
A)  depolarization 
B)  polarization 
C)  repolarization 
D)  threshold

Question 4

A drug called ouabain specifically inhibits the sodium-potassium pump present in neuron cells. Over time, what would this action of ouabain cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  the inside of the neuron to become more negative 
B)  repolarization 
C)  elimination of a concentration gradient 
D)  more potassium to be transported into the neuron 
A)  the inside of the neuron to become more negative 
B)  repolarization 
C)  elimination of a concentration gradient 
D)  more potassium to be transported into the neuron

Question 5

What are the basic functional units of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle fibers 
B)  heart cells 
C)  neurons 
D)  fibroblasts 
A)  muscle fibers 
B)  heart cells 
C)  neurons 
D)  fibroblasts

Question 6

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling muscle movement, balance, and coordination?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum 
B)  thalamus 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  cerebrum 
A)  cerebellum 
B)  thalamus 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  cerebrum

Question 7

What is a nerve?

Accepted Answer

A)  a bundle of neurons 
B)  a chain of neurons 
C)  a sensory synapse 
D)  a series of impulses 
A)  a bundle of neurons 
B)  a chain of neurons 
C)  a sensory synapse 
D)  a series of impulses

Question 8

During synaptic transmission across a typical synapse, which action occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium ions flow into the membrane of the presynaptic neuron. 
B)  The binding of neurotransmitters triggers the release of potassium ions by the presynaptic neuron. 
C)  Vesicles containing neurotransmitter molecules diffuse to the receiving neuron's plasma membrane. 
D)  Neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 
A)  Sodium ions flow into the membrane of the presynaptic neuron. 
B)  The binding of neurotransmitters triggers the release of potassium ions by the presynaptic neuron. 
C)  Vesicles containing neurotransmitter molecules diffuse to the receiving neuron's plasma membrane. 
D)  Neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 9

What is the function of glial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They carry messages. 
B)  They protect and cushion the brain. 
C)  They support neurons by supplying nutrients. 
D)  They move waste products out of the brain. 
A)  They carry messages. 
B)  They protect and cushion the brain. 
C)  They support neurons by supplying nutrients. 
D)  They move waste products out of the brain.

Question 10

What would a nerve poison that blocked neurotransmitter receptors on the dendrites do?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would cause continued stimulation of the membrane of the receiving neuron. 
B)  It would prevent transmission across the synaptic cleft. 
C)  It would inhibit the regeneration of neurotransmitter for use by the synaptic knobs. 
D)  It would inactivate the enzyme that degrades the neurotransmitter. 
A)  It would cause continued stimulation of the membrane of the receiving neuron. 
B)  It would prevent transmission across the synaptic cleft. 
C)  It would inhibit the regeneration of neurotransmitter for use by the synaptic knobs. 
D)  It would inactivate the enzyme that degrades the neurotransmitter.

Question 11

Where are higher brain functions, such as creativity and analytical skills, centered?

Accepted Answer

A)  corpus callosum 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  spinal cord 
D)  cerebrum 
A)  corpus callosum 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  spinal cord 
D)  cerebrum

Question 12

Which sense is a special sense?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature 
B)  pain 
C)  touch 
D)  taste 
A)  temperature 
B)  pain 
C)  touch 
D)  taste

Question 13

Where in the nerve pathway do drugs have their primary effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  axons 
B)  dendrites 
C)  synapses 
D)  myelin sheaths 
A)  axons 
B)  dendrites 
C)  synapses 
D)  myelin sheaths

Question 14

Which word best describes the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)  processor 
B)  reflexor 
C)  regulator 
D)  transmitter 
A)  processor 
B)  reflexor 
C)  regulator 
D)  transmitter

Question 15

What are sensory receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  cells that create action potentials and thresholds 
B)  localized areas of the CNS 
C)  chemicals that cross a synapse between two nerve cells 
D)  specialized neurons for detecting the world around you 
A)  cells that create action potentials and thresholds 
B)  localized areas of the CNS 
C)  chemicals that cross a synapse between two nerve cells 
D)  specialized neurons for detecting the world around you

Question 16

Which parts belong to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neurons 
B)  interneurons 
C)  motor neurons 
D)  effectors 
A)  sensory neurons 
B)  interneurons 
C)  motor neurons 
D)  effectors

Question 17

What is proprioception?

Accepted Answer

A)  the sense of pressure on the body 
B)  the sense of the position of the body 
C)  the sense of smell 
D)  the sense of the body's temperature 
A)  the sense of pressure on the body 
B)  the sense of the position of the body 
C)  the sense of smell 
D)  the sense of the body's temperature

Question 18

What part of the neuron receives nerve impulses and acts as an "antenna"?

Accepted Answer

A)  axon 
B)  cell body 
C)  dendrite 
D)  nerve 
A)  axon 
B)  cell body 
C)  dendrite 
D)  nerve

Question 19

You suspect that your roommate may be abusing drugs. He exhibits the following symptoms: aggressiveness, bursts of extreme energy followed by "crash" periods, and delusions. Which drug may be responsible?

Accepted Answer

A)  amphetamines 
B)  LSD 
C)  marijuana 
D)  heroin 
A)  amphetamines 
B)  LSD 
C)  marijuana 
D)  heroin

Question 20

What is the sudden withdrawal of one's hand from a hot stove?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning 
B)  common sense 
C)  an instinct 
D)  a reflex 
A)  learning 
B)  common sense 
C)  an instinct 
D)  a reflex

Exam 23: Study Drugs: Brain Boost or Brain Drain Brain Structure and Function

Which structure is directly associated with synaptic transmission?

An individual has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a disease that leads to deterioration of the myelin sheath that covers some neurons. What is a likely physical symptom of this disease?

What process occurs when potassium ions diffuse out of a nerve cell and the inside of the cell again becomes more negative than the outside?

A drug called ouabain specifically inhibits the sodium-potassium pump present in neuron cells. Over time, what would this action of ouabain cause?

What are the basic functional units of the nervous system?

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling muscle movement, balance, and coordination?

What is a nerve?

During synaptic transmission across a typical synapse, which action occurs?

What is the function of glial cells?

What would a nerve poison that blocked neurotransmitter receptors on the dendrites do?

Where are higher brain functions, such as creativity and analytical skills, centered?

Which sense is a special sense?

Where in the nerve pathway do drugs have their primary effect?

Which word best describes the hypothalamus?

What are sensory receptors?

Which parts belong to the central nervous system?

What is proprioception?

What part of the neuron receives nerve impulses and acts as an "antenna"?

You suspect that your roommate may be abusing drugs. He exhibits the following symptoms: aggressiveness, bursts of extreme energy followed by "crash" periods, and delusions. Which drug may be responsible?

What is the sudden withdrawal of one's hand from a hot stove?

Can Science Cure the Common Cold Introduction to the Scientific Method

Science Fiction, Bad Science, and Pseudoscience:

Is It Possible to Supplement Your Way to Better Performance and Health

Body Weight and Health: Enzymes, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration

Life in the Greenhouse: Photosynthesis and Climate Change

Cancer: DNA Synthesis, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Are You Only As Smart As Your Genes Mendelian and Quantitative Genetics

DNA Detective: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and Dna Profiling

Genetically Modified Organisms: Gene Expression, Mutation,

Where Did We Come From the Evidence for Evolution

An Evolving Enemy: Natural Selection

Who Am I Species and Races

The Greatest Species on Earth Biodiversity and Classification

Is the Human Population Too Large Population Ecology

Conserving Biodiversity: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Where Do You Live Climate and Biomes

Organ Donation: Tissues and Organs

Binge Drinking: the Digestive and Urinary Systems

Clearing the Air: Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems

Vaccination: Protection and Prevention or Peril Immune System,

Human Sex Differences: Endocrine, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Is There Something in the Water Reproductive and Developmental Biology

Feeding the World: Plant Structure and Growth

Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology

Filters