Exam 10: Understanding the Structure of Sentences

According to which of the following models can various sources of information (e.g., semantic information) influence the syntactic processor at an early stage?

Tyler compared the performance of aphasic patients on an on-line measure (monitoring for a particular word) with that on an off-line measure (detecting an anomaly at the end of the sentence) She found patients who performed:

Which model of parsing explains the garden path effect in terms of discourse factors, such as the number of entities presupposed by the alternative constructions?

Which hypothesis emphasizes the role of exposure to language, and states that people resolve ambiguities in a way that has been successful in the past?

Which model says that we resolve ambiguity using minimal attachment and late closure, without semantic assistance?

Which hypothesis holds the idea that comprehension impairment arises in people with agrammatism because although low-level parsing processes are intact, they are limited by what they can do with the results of these processes?

Which hypothesis states that people with an agrammatic comprehension deficit have difficulty in computing the relation between elements of a sentence that have been moved by a grammatical transformation and their origin, as well as in constructing the higher parts of the parse tree?

Syntactic rules should be specified independently of other constraints; syntactic processes operate independently of others. This is the psychological principle of the:

According to which of the following models can we construct all possible syntactic representations in parallel, using solely syntactic information, and then use semantic or other information to choose the most appropriate one?

According to which model is syntactic ambiguity resolved by competition, which is long lasting but decreases as the sentence unfolds?

According to which principle are new words preferentially attached to the lowest possible node in the structure constructed so far, placing less of a load on memory?

The processor detects a gap, and fills it with a filler that is the most recent grammatically plausible filler. This is called the:

A clause that modifies the main noun and is "reduced" because it lacks the relative pronoun "which" or "that" is called:

Who proposed seven principles of parsing to explain the behavior of the human sentence-parsing mechanism?

Which principle says that we prefer to attach incoming material to the clause or phrase currently being processed?

According to the sausage machine model there are two stages of parsing: The first stage is the called the _____________________, and it is followed by the _______________________.

The approach in which syntactic constructions convey particular meanings that restrict what sorts of nouns and verbs can be used with them, and particularly what sort of verb-argument structures can be used, is called meaning through:

When we find a trace, we appear to retrieve its associated antecedent - a process known as _______________ the dislocated constituent to the trace, thereby making it more accessible.

In constraint-based models, syntactic ambiguity is eventually resolved by:

When a phrase is closed, it exits from short-term memory and is passed on to a second stage of deeper, semantic processing. This is the principle of: