Question 1

Discuss why longitudinal research is so important to both evaluative and explanatory studies in criminology/criminal justice.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research is crucial in both evaluative and explanatory studies in criminology and criminal justice for several reasons. Firstly, longitudinal research allows researchers to track changes and developments in criminal behavior over time. This is important because it provides a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that contribute to criminal behavior and allows for the identification of potential risk and protective factors. By following individuals or groups over an extended period, researchers can observe how certain variables, such as socioeconomic status, family dynamics, or exposure to violence, impact criminal behavior.

Additionally, longitudinal research is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions and policies aimed at reducing crime and improving the criminal justice system. By following individuals or communities over time, researchers can assess the long-term impact of interventions, such as rehabilitation programs or changes in policing strategies. This information is invaluable for policymakers and practitioners in determining which approaches are most effective in reducing crime and improving outcomes for individuals involved in the criminal justice system.

Furthermore, longitudinal research allows for the examination of patterns and trajectories of criminal behavior. By studying how criminal behavior evolves over time, researchers can identify different pathways to offending and better understand the factors that contribute to desistance or persistence in criminal behavior. This information is critical for developing targeted interventions and prevention strategies that address the specific needs of individuals at different stages of their involvement in the criminal justice system.

In conclusion, longitudinal research is essential for both evaluative and explanatory studies in criminology and criminal justice because it provides a comprehensive understanding of criminal behavior, allows for the evaluation of interventions and policies, and helps identify patterns and trajectories of offending. This information is crucial for informing evidence-based practices and policies aimed at reducing crime and improving outcomes for individuals involved in the criminal justice system.

Question 2

A panel study is ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time 
B)  any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time 
C)  longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods 
D)  longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods 
A)  any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time 
B)  any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time 
C)  longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods 
D)  longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods D

Question 3

A cross-sectional study is _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time 
B)  any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time 
C)  longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods 
D)  longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods 
A)  any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time 
B)  any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time 
C)  longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods 
D)  longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods A

Question 4

Making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner is called _________

Accepted Answer

A)  halo effect 
B)  premature closure 
C)  selective observation 
D)  overgeneralization 
A)  halo effect 
B)  premature closure 
C)  selective observation 
D)  overgeneralization

Question 5

In Rebellon's and Gundy's study they found a relationship between ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  drugs usage and crime 
B)  parental abuse and crime 
C)  race and crime 
D)  sex and crime 
A)  drugs usage and crime 
B)  parental abuse and crime 
C)  race and crime 
D)  sex and crime

Question 6

Statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  halo effect 
B)  premature closure 
C)  selective observation 
D)  overgeneralization 
A)  halo effect 
B)  premature closure 
C)  selective observation 
D)  overgeneralization

Question 7

A cohort study is _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time 
B)  any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time 
C)  longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods 
D)  longitudinal research in which information about a category of cases or people that shared a common experience at one time period is traced across subsequent time periods 
A)  any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time 
B)  any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time 
C)  longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods 
D)  longitudinal research in which information about a category of cases or people that shared a common experience at one time period is traced across subsequent time periods

Question 8

Qualitative research is generally geared toward exploratory, descriptive, and theoretical research objectives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Foucault characterized his work as a "history of the _______?"

Accepted Answer

The answer of Foucault characterized his work as a "history...

Question 10

The process of conducting a quantitative study begins with a researcher selecting a ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of conducting a quantitative study...

Question 11

The crime fighting show CSI is a fairly accurate portrayal of policing in most cities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A cohort study...

Accepted Answer

A)  examines the same people over time with check up points 
B)  examines a different group of people with similar characteristics over time 
C)  examines different people at multiple times 
D)  examines a group of people at once 
A)  examines the same people over time with check up points 
B)  examines a different group of people with similar characteristics over time 
C)  examines different people at multiple times 
D)  examines a group of people at once

Question 13

Most, but not all, scholars consider Lombroso's Criminal Man to be the defining work in the origin of scientific criminology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The idea that scientific knowledge does not progress in a simple linear and cumulative fashion; rather, knowledge progresses in the context of a community, meaning that professional, personal, and cultural interests play important roles was known as _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Kuhn's progression of knowledge 
B)  the scientific method 
C)  methodology 
D)  scientific inquiry 
A)  Kuhn's progression of knowledge 
B)  the scientific method 
C)  methodology 
D)  scientific inquiry

Question 15

Longitudinal research in which information about a category of cases or people that shared a common experience at one time period is traced across subsequent time periods is called ______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Longitudinal research in which information about a...

Question 16

Disinterestedness is _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the scientific norm that mandates researchers should strive to be impartial and open to unexpected finding and new ideas 
B)  the scientific norm says that producing knowledge is a public act and the finding should be available for all to use. In order for it to be accepted into the community, it must be rigorously reviewed 
C)  the scientific norm that demands utmost honesty in all aspects of the research process; dishonesty, fraud, or cheating is a major taboo 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit 
A)  the scientific norm that mandates researchers should strive to be impartial and open to unexpected finding and new ideas 
B)  the scientific norm says that producing knowledge is a public act and the finding should be available for all to use. In order for it to be accepted into the community, it must be rigorously reviewed 
C)  the scientific norm that demands utmost honesty in all aspects of the research process; dishonesty, fraud, or cheating is a major taboo 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit

Question 17

Which of the following is not a social science?

Accepted Answer

A)  criminal justice/criminology 
B)  sociology 
C)  psychology 
D)  zoology 
A)  criminal justice/criminology 
B)  sociology 
C)  psychology 
D)  zoology

Question 18

Universalism is ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the empirical evidence or information that one gathers carefully according to rules or procedures. Data can be quantitative (i.e., expressed as numbers) or qualitative (i.e., expressed as words, pictures, or objects) 
B)  a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation 
C)  observations that people experience through the senses-touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit 
A)  the empirical evidence or information that one gathers carefully according to rules or procedures. Data can be quantitative (i.e., expressed as numbers) or qualitative (i.e., expressed as words, pictures, or objects) 
B)  a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation 
C)  observations that people experience through the senses-touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit

Question 19

The word data means ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the empirical evidence or information that one gathers carefully according to rules or procedures. Data can be quantitative (i.e., expressed as numbers) or qualitative (i.e., expressed as words, pictures, or objects) 
B)  a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation 
C)  observations that people experience through the senses-touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit 
A)  the empirical evidence or information that one gathers carefully according to rules or procedures. Data can be quantitative (i.e., expressed as numbers) or qualitative (i.e., expressed as words, pictures, or objects) 
B)  a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation 
C)  observations that people experience through the senses-touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit

Question 20

A cohort study is a form of longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods. This approach observes the same people, group, or organization over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Discuss why longitudinal research is so important to both evaluative and explanatory studies in criminology/criminal justice.

A panel study is ________________.

A cross-sectional study is _______________.

Making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner is called _________

In Rebellon's and Gundy's study they found a relationship between ___________.

Statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has is called _____________.

A cohort study is _____________.

Qualitative research is generally geared toward exploratory, descriptive, and theoretical research objectives.

Foucault characterized his work as a "history of the _______?"

The process of conducting a quantitative study begins with a researcher selecting a ____________.

The crime fighting show CSI is a fairly accurate portrayal of policing in most cities.

A cohort study...

Most, but not all, scholars consider Lombroso's Criminal Man to be the defining work in the origin of scientific criminology.

The idea that scientific knowledge does not progress in a simple linear and cumulative fashion; rather, knowledge progresses in the context of a community, meaning that professional, personal, and cultural interests play important roles was known as _______________.

Longitudinal research in which information about a category of cases or people that shared a common experience at one time period is traced across subsequent time periods is called ______________.

Disinterestedness is _______________.

Which of the following is not a social science?

Universalism is ___________________.

The word data means ________________.

A cohort study is a form of longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods. This approach observes the same people, group, or organization over time.

Criminal Justice and Criminology Research: Mapping and Terrain

Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations

The Ethics of Crime and Justice Research

Research Design and Measurement

Sampling in Crime and Justice Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Crime and Justice Research

Survey and Interview Methods

Nonreactive Research: Content Analysis and Existing Documentsstatistics

Analysis of Quantitative Data

The Nature of Qualitative Research

Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research

Historical, Academic, Legal and Mixed Methods Research

Presenting Crime and Justice Research

Filters

Exam 2: The Nature of Science and Research

Discuss why longitudinal research is so important to both evaluative and explanatory studies in criminology/criminal justice.

A panel study is ________________.

A cross-sectional study is _______________.

Making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner is called _________

In Rebellon's and Gundy's study they found a relationship between ___________.

Statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has is called _____________.

A cohort study is _____________.

Qualitative research is generally geared toward exploratory, descriptive, and theoretical research objectives.

Foucault characterized his work as a "history of the _______?"

The process of conducting a quantitative study begins with a researcher selecting a ____________.

The crime fighting show CSI is a fairly accurate portrayal of policing in most cities.

A cohort study...

Most, but not all, scholars consider Lombroso's Criminal Man to be the defining work in the origin of scientific criminology.

The idea that scientific knowledge does not progress in a simple linear and cumulative fashion; rather, knowledge progresses in the context of a community, meaning that professional, personal, and cultural interests play important roles was known as _______________.

Longitudinal research in which information about a category of cases or people that shared a common experience at one time period is traced across subsequent time periods is called ______________.

Disinterestedness is _______________.

Which of the following is not a social science?

Universalism is ___________________.

The word data means ________________.

A cohort study is a form of longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods. This approach observes the same people, group, or organization over time.

Criminal Justice and Criminology Research: Mapping and Terrain

Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations

The Ethics of Crime and Justice Research

Research Design and Measurement

Sampling in Crime and Justice Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Crime and Justice Research

Survey and Interview Methods

Nonreactive Research: Content Analysis and Existing Documentsstatistics

Analysis of Quantitative Data

The Nature of Qualitative Research

Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research

Historical, Academic, Legal and Mixed Methods Research

Presenting Crime and Justice Research

Filters