Question 1

The selective observation effect is _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has 
B)  making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner 
C)  making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation, before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards 
D)  allowing the prior reputation of persons, places, or things to color one's evaluations, rather than attempting to evaluate in a neutral, equal manner 
A)  statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has 
B)  making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner 
C)  making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation, before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards 
D)  allowing the prior reputation of persons, places, or things to color one's evaluations, rather than attempting to evaluate in a neutral, equal manner

Question 2

Any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

cross sect

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT part of Kuhn's progression of knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A)  post paradigm 
B)  new paradigm 
C)  crisis 
D)  normal science 
A)  post paradigm 
B)  new paradigm 
C)  crisis 
D)  normal science

Question 4

Data include a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation. Theory is like a map. It helps people to visualize and understand their complex surroundings and attempt to explain why things happen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Research honesty means ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the scientific norm that mandates researchers should strive to be impartial and open to unexpected finding and new ideas 
B)  the scientific norm says that producing knowledge is a public act and the finding should be available for all to use. In order for it to be accepted into the community, it must be rigorously reviewed 
C)  the scientific norm that demands utmost honesty in all aspects of the research process; dishonesty, fraud, or cheating is a major taboo 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit 
A)  the scientific norm that mandates researchers should strive to be impartial and open to unexpected finding and new ideas 
B)  the scientific norm says that producing knowledge is a public act and the finding should be available for all to use. In order for it to be accepted into the community, it must be rigorously reviewed 
C)  the scientific norm that demands utmost honesty in all aspects of the research process; dishonesty, fraud, or cheating is a major taboo 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit

Question 6

Communalism means _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the scientific norm that mandates researchers should strive to be impartial and open to unexpected finding and new ideas 
B)  the scientific norm says that producing knowledge is a public act and the finding should be available for all to use. In order for it to be accepted into the community, it must be rigorously reviewed 
C)  the scientific norm that demands utmost honesty in all aspects of the research process; dishonesty, fraud, or cheating is a major taboo 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit 
A)  the scientific norm that mandates researchers should strive to be impartial and open to unexpected finding and new ideas 
B)  the scientific norm says that producing knowledge is a public act and the finding should be available for all to use. In order for it to be accepted into the community, it must be rigorously reviewed 
C)  the scientific norm that demands utmost honesty in all aspects of the research process; dishonesty, fraud, or cheating is a major taboo 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit

Question 7

What are the seven steps in the quantitative research process? Explain each.

Accepted Answer

The seven steps in the quantitative rese

Question 8

What people now call science grew from a major shift in thinking that began with the _____ __ _______ or the Enlightenment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What people now call science grew from...

Question 9

The Enlightenment believed in _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  logical reasoning 
B)  emphasis on experiences in the material world 
C)  a belief inhuman progress 
D)  all of the above 
A)  logical reasoning 
B)  emphasis on experiences in the material world 
C)  a belief inhuman progress 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

The "age of reason" and the "Enlightenment" are two differ periods of time on two different continents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What are the four stages of violentization that Lonnie Athens found in his research?

Accepted Answer

Lonnie Athens, a criminologist and socio

Question 12

Lonnie Athens used what type of research in his study?

Accepted Answer

A)  quantitative research 
B)  qualitative research 
C)  experimentation 
D)  large questionnaires 
A)  quantitative research 
B)  qualitative research 
C)  experimentation 
D)  large questionnaires

Question 13

Personal experience knowledge is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on what someone in a position of authority says 
B)  a basis of knowledge in which we accept something as being true because of a long-running custom or belief 
C)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on commonly accepted, ordinary reasoning 
D)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on our own lived experiences 
A)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on what someone in a position of authority says 
B)  a basis of knowledge in which we accept something as being true because of a long-running custom or belief 
C)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on commonly accepted, ordinary reasoning 
D)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on our own lived experiences

Question 14

Traditional knowledge is ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on what someone in a position of authority says 
B)  a basis of knowledge in which we accept something as being true because of a long-running custom or belief 
C)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on commonly accepted, ordinary reasoning 
D)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on the media's construction of the truth, which often relies on claims made by politicians and government officials 
A)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on what someone in a position of authority says 
B)  a basis of knowledge in which we accept something as being true because of a long-running custom or belief 
C)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on commonly accepted, ordinary reasoning 
D)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on the media's construction of the truth, which often relies on claims made by politicians and government officials

Question 15

Making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  halo effect 
B)  premature closure 
C)  selective observation 
D)  overgeneralization 
A)  halo effect 
B)  premature closure 
C)  selective observation 
D)  overgeneralization

Question 16

The book, Why They Kill: the discoveries of a Maverick Criminologist, was authored by Richard Rhodes about the research of _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The book, Why They Kill: the discoveries...

Question 17

A longitudinal study is _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time 
B)  any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time 
C)  longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods 
D)  longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods 
A)  any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time 
B)  any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time 
C)  longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods 
D)  longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods

Question 18

Any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

longitudin

The selective observation effect is _____________.

Any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time is called ____________.

Which of the following is NOT part of Kuhn's progression of knowledge.

Data include a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation. Theory is like a map. It helps people to visualize and understand their complex surroundings and attempt to explain why things happen.

Research honesty means ____________________.

Communalism means _____________________.

What are the seven steps in the quantitative research process? Explain each.

What people now call science grew from a major shift in thinking that began with the _ _____ or the Enlightenment.

The Enlightenment believed in _______________.

The "age of reason" and the "Enlightenment" are two differ periods of time on two different continents.

What are the four stages of violentization that Lonnie Athens found in his research?

Lonnie Athens used what type of research in his study?

Personal experience knowledge is __________.

Traditional knowledge is ______________.

Making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards is called ________.

The book, Why They Kill: the discoveries of a Maverick Criminologist, was authored by Richard Rhodes about the research of _________________.

A longitudinal study is _____________________.

Any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time is called ____________.

Criminal Justice and Criminology Research: Mapping and Terrain

Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations

The Ethics of Crime and Justice Research

Research Design and Measurement

Sampling in Crime and Justice Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Crime and Justice Research

Survey and Interview Methods

Nonreactive Research: Content Analysis and Existing Documentsstatistics

Analysis of Quantitative Data

The Nature of Qualitative Research

Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research

Historical, Academic, Legal and Mixed Methods Research

Presenting Crime and Justice Research

Filters

Exam 2: The Nature of Science and Research

The selective observation effect is _____________.

Any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time is called ____________.

Which of the following is NOT part of Kuhn's progression of knowledge.

Data include a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation. Theory is like a map. It helps people to visualize and understand their complex surroundings and attempt to explain why things happen.

Research honesty means ____________________.

Communalism means _____________________.

What are the seven steps in the quantitative research process? Explain each.

What people now call science grew from a major shift in thinking that began with the _____ __ _______ or the Enlightenment.

The Enlightenment believed in _______________.

The "age of reason" and the "Enlightenment" are two differ periods of time on two different continents.

What are the four stages of violentization that Lonnie Athens found in his research?

Lonnie Athens used what type of research in his study?

Personal experience knowledge is __________.

Traditional knowledge is ______________.

Making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards is called ________.

The book, Why They Kill: the discoveries of a Maverick Criminologist, was authored by Richard Rhodes about the research of _________________.

A longitudinal study is _____________________.

Any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time is called ____________.

Criminal Justice and Criminology Research: Mapping and Terrain

Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations

The Ethics of Crime and Justice Research

Research Design and Measurement

Sampling in Crime and Justice Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Crime and Justice Research

Survey and Interview Methods

Nonreactive Research: Content Analysis and Existing Documentsstatistics

Analysis of Quantitative Data

The Nature of Qualitative Research

Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research

Historical, Academic, Legal and Mixed Methods Research

Presenting Crime and Justice Research

Filters

What people now call science grew from a major shift in thinking that began with the _ _____ or the Enlightenment.