Question 1

Longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Longitudinal research in which information is about...

Question 2

The halo effect is _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has 
B)  making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner 
C)  making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation, before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards 
D)  allowing the prior reputation of persons, places, or things to color one's evaluations, rather than attempting to evaluate in a neutral, equal manner 
A)  statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has 
B)  making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner 
C)  making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation, before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards 
D)  allowing the prior reputation of persons, places, or things to color one's evaluations, rather than attempting to evaluate in a neutral, equal manner

Question 3

A basis of knowledge in which we rely on the media's construction of the truth, which often relies on claims made by politicians and government officials is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  authority knowledge 
B)  traditional knowledge 
C)  commonsense knowledge 
D)  media knowledge 
A)  authority knowledge 
B)  traditional knowledge 
C)  commonsense knowledge 
D)  media knowledge

Question 4

A theory is _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the empirical evidence or information that one gathers carefully according to rules or procedures. Data can be quantitative (i.e., expressed as numbers) or qualitative (i.e., expressed as words, pictures, or objects) 
B)  a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation 
C)  observations that people experience through the senses-touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit 
A)  the empirical evidence or information that one gathers carefully according to rules or procedures. Data can be quantitative (i.e., expressed as numbers) or qualitative (i.e., expressed as words, pictures, or objects) 
B)  a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation 
C)  observations that people experience through the senses-touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit

Question 5

Which of the following is not a natural science?

Accepted Answer

A)  criminal justice 
B)  biology 
C)  chemistry 
D)  physics 
A)  criminal justice 
B)  biology 
C)  chemistry 
D)  physics

Question 6

An overgeneralization is a statement that goes far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Authority knowledge is ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on what someone in a position of authority says 
B)  a basis of knowledge in which we accept something as being true because of a long-running custom or belief 
C)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on commonly accepted, ordinary reasoning 
D)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on the media's construction of the truth, which often relies on claims made by politicians and government officials 
A)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on what someone in a position of authority says 
B)  a basis of knowledge in which we accept something as being true because of a long-running custom or belief 
C)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on commonly accepted, ordinary reasoning 
D)  a basis of knowledge in which we rely on the media's construction of the truth, which often relies on claims made by politicians and government officials

Question 8

The most famous study on the effects of random patrolling on crime was done in New York City.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A process of judging the merits of a research report in which the peer researchers do not know the identity of who conducted a study and the researcher does not know the identity of the evaluators in advance is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  peer pressure 
B)  peer objectivity 
C)  objectivity 
D)  blind review 
A)  peer pressure 
B)  peer objectivity 
C)  objectivity 
D)  blind review

Question 10

Empirical evidence is defined as _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the empirical evidence or information that one gathers carefully according to rules or procedures. Data can be quantitative (i.e., expressed as numbers) or qualitative (i.e., expressed as words, pictures, or objects) 
B)  a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation 
C)  observations that people experience through the senses-touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit 
A)  the empirical evidence or information that one gathers carefully according to rules or procedures. Data can be quantitative (i.e., expressed as numbers) or qualitative (i.e., expressed as words, pictures, or objects) 
B)  a system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge for purposes of understanding and/or explanation 
C)  observations that people experience through the senses-touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste 
D)  the scientific norm that says research should be judged only on the basis of scientific merit

Question 11

The premature closure effect is _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has 
B)  making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner 
C)  making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation, before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards 
D)  allowing the prior reputation of persons, places, or things to color one's evaluations, rather than attempting to evaluate in a neutral, equal manner 
A)  statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has 
B)  making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner 
C)  making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation, before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards 
D)  allowing the prior reputation of persons, places, or things to color one's evaluations, rather than attempting to evaluate in a neutral, equal manner

Question 12

Overgeneralization occurs when we have _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has 
B)  making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner 
C)  making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation, before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards 
D)  allowing the prior reputation of persons, places, or things to color one's evaluations, rather than attempting to evaluate in a neutral, equal manner 
A)  statements that go far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has 
B)  making observations in a way that simply reinforces preexisting thinking, rather than attempting to observe in a balanced and critical manner 
C)  making a judgment or reaching a decision and ending in an investigation, before one has the amount or depth of evidence required by scientific standards 
D)  allowing the prior reputation of persons, places, or things to color one's evaluations, rather than attempting to evaluate in a neutral, equal manner

Question 13

Longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods is called _________________.

Accepted Answer

time-serie

Question 14

The idea that scientific knowledge does not progress in a simple linear and cumulative fashion is associated with Thomas Kuhn.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The concept that scientific knowledge must be shared, belongs to everyone, refers to which norm?

Accepted Answer

A)  communalism 
B)  disinterestedness 
C)  universalism 
A)  communalism 
B)  disinterestedness 
C)  universalism

Question 16

The book, The Creation of Dangerous Violent Criminals was authored by ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The book, The Creation of Dangerous Violent...

Question 17

What are the four alternatives to research-based science?

Accepted Answer

Research-based science, which relies on

Question 18

Universalism is the scientific norm that mandates researchers should strive to be impartial and open to unexpected findings and new ideas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What are the four errors of personal experience that reinforce each other in a person's life.

Accepted Answer

The four errors of personal experience t

Question 20

A time-series study is ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time 
B)  any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time 
C)  longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods 
D)  longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods 
A)  any study that examines information on many cases at one point in time 
B)  any research that examines information from many units or cases across more than one point in time 
C)  longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods 
D)  longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods

Longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods.

The halo effect is _______________.

A basis of knowledge in which we rely on the media's construction of the truth, which often relies on claims made by politicians and government officials is called ______.

A theory is _____________________.

Which of the following is not a natural science?

An overgeneralization is a statement that goes far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has.

Authority knowledge is ______________.

The most famous study on the effects of random patrolling on crime was done in New York City.

A process of judging the merits of a research report in which the peer researchers do not know the identity of who conducted a study and the researcher does not know the identity of the evaluators in advance is called ________________.

Empirical evidence is defined as _________________.

The premature closure effect is _______________.

Overgeneralization occurs when we have _______________.

Longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods is called _________________.

The idea that scientific knowledge does not progress in a simple linear and cumulative fashion is associated with Thomas Kuhn.

The concept that scientific knowledge must be shared, belongs to everyone, refers to which norm?

The book, The Creation of Dangerous Violent Criminals was authored by ________.

What are the four alternatives to research-based science?

Universalism is the scientific norm that mandates researchers should strive to be impartial and open to unexpected findings and new ideas.

What are the four errors of personal experience that reinforce each other in a person's life.

A time-series study is ___________________.

Criminal Justice and Criminology Research: Mapping and Terrain

Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations

The Ethics of Crime and Justice Research

Research Design and Measurement

Sampling in Crime and Justice Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Crime and Justice Research

Survey and Interview Methods

Nonreactive Research: Content Analysis and Existing Documentsstatistics

Analysis of Quantitative Data

The Nature of Qualitative Research

Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research

Historical, Academic, Legal and Mixed Methods Research

Presenting Crime and Justice Research

Filters

Exam 2: The Nature of Science and Research

Longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods.

The halo effect is _______________.

A basis of knowledge in which we rely on the media's construction of the truth, which often relies on claims made by politicians and government officials is called ______.

A theory is _____________________.

Which of the following is not a natural science?

An overgeneralization is a statement that goes far beyond what can be justified based on the data or empirical observations that one has.

Authority knowledge is ______________.

The most famous study on the effects of random patrolling on crime was done in New York City.

A process of judging the merits of a research report in which the peer researchers do not know the identity of who conducted a study and the researcher does not know the identity of the evaluators in advance is called ________________.

Empirical evidence is defined as _________________.

The premature closure effect is _______________.

Overgeneralization occurs when we have _______________.

Longitudinal research in which information can be about different cases or people in each of several time periods is called _________________.

The idea that scientific knowledge does not progress in a simple linear and cumulative fashion is associated with Thomas Kuhn.

The concept that scientific knowledge must be shared, belongs to everyone, refers to which norm?

The book, The Creation of Dangerous Violent Criminals was authored by ________.

What are the four alternatives to research-based science?

Universalism is the scientific norm that mandates researchers should strive to be impartial and open to unexpected findings and new ideas.

What are the four errors of personal experience that reinforce each other in a person's life.

A time-series study is ___________________.

Criminal Justice and Criminology Research: Mapping and Terrain

Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations

The Ethics of Crime and Justice Research

Research Design and Measurement

Sampling in Crime and Justice Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Crime and Justice Research

Survey and Interview Methods

Nonreactive Research: Content Analysis and Existing Documentsstatistics

Analysis of Quantitative Data

The Nature of Qualitative Research

Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research

Historical, Academic, Legal and Mixed Methods Research

Presenting Crime and Justice Research

Filters