Exam 1: Understanding Human Development: Approaches and Theories

In some instances, the presence of an observer can cause the person to behave in unnatural ways or ways that are not typical for him or her. This is known as ________.

The malleability or changeability of development is called ______.

Professor Ming studies the effects of trauma on mental health across the lifespan. She plans to conduct a study that includes participants from the following age ranges: 6-12, 13-19, 20-40, and 50-70. All of her participants will be from an area that experienced a natural disaster, such as a deadly hurricane or earthquake. Professor Ming will then look at symptoms of depression and anxiety in each of the age groups to draw conclusions about age-related differences in the processing of traumatic events. Which research design is best suited for this study?

_____ theories describe development and behavior as a result of the interplay of inner drives, memories, and conflicts of which we are unaware and cannot control.

List five ethical principles that guide developmental scientists' work.

______ founded the cognitive-developmental perspective on child development.

Ethical codes of conduct state that researchers must obtain ______ consent from each participant, which states their informed, rational, and voluntary agreement to participate.

In the cross-sectional research design, information is gathered from people of several ages at one time, which permits age comparisons.

The ethical principle of _____ requires scientists to be accurate, honest, and truthful in their work.

Think about an interesting topic related to the study of lifespan human development. Assume that you wanted to know more about this topic and were going to plan a research study. First, identify your topic. Next, describe your method or methods of data collection. Be sure to mention the strengths and limitations associated with the method(s) that you chose. Would your study fall under the category of correlational or experimental research? If you're looking at age or developmental differences, which research design would best fit your proposed topic, and why? What ethical concerns would you need to consider for your study?

______ applies to physiological and emotional responses only.

In experimental research, the ____ variable is manipulated or varied systematically by the researcher during the experiment, whereas the _____ variable is the behavior under study.

Bandura's social learning theory maintains that children are passive learners and are primarily shaped by the environments in which they grow and develop.

"What is the purpose or adaptive value of infant-parent attachment?" would best be answered by:

According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, one's family, peers, and school are part of the microsystem.

When using _______interviews, all participants are given the same set of questions in the exact same order.

Provide an example of how your current cohort (or generation) differs from that of your parents or grandparents.

According to ______ theory, people actively process information and their thoughts and feelings influence their behavior.

The second step of the scientific method is:

Which of the following is a limitation associated with self-report data?