Exam 1: Understanding Human Development: Approaches and Theories

Behaviorist theory is also known as ______ theory.

Unlike Freud, Erikson believed that personality development occurs throughout the lifespan.

A weakness associated with longitudinal research is that experiences or events affecting one generation of participants may be very different than those affecting another generation. This is known as:

Your textbook provides an overview of the most influential theories of human development. Think about your own developmental experiences to this point. Which theory or theories do you most agree with, and why? Which theory or theories do you find less appealing, and why? Provide several examples from your own development to explain why you selected one theory (or several theories) over the others.

_____ involve observing and recording behaviors that are displayed in a controlled environment.

One ethical guideline that a researcher must adhere to is respect for his participants' autonomy, or ability to make and implement their own decisions.

Beneficence and ______ are the dual responsibilities to do good and not do harm when conducting research.

Each time Marissa takes her 3-year-old son, Javier, to the grocery store, he asks for candy or a toy. When Marissa tells Javier "no," he throws a tantrum until she gives in and lets him have the requested item. Using the concept of operant conditioning, explain why Marissa is actually increasing the likelihood that Javier will continue to throw tantrums on future trips to the store.

A structured interview is using a flexible, conversational style of information gathering.

At the beginning of her first human development course in college, Vi wondered, "Am I the person I am today because of heredity, or did I become who I am because of my environment?" Vi's question reflects the ________ issue in lifespan development.

Watching school-age children play at recess and noting instances of aggressive behavior for later analysis is called naturalistic observation.

Professor Norris is interested in how children from different cultures acquire the cognitive skills necessary to be productive members of society. His research focuses on how adults and peers communicate culturally relevant knowledge, as well as the emphasis different cultures place on play and work. Professor Norris's research is consistent with ______ theory.

Changes in personality, emotions, views of oneself, social skills, and interpersonal relationships with family and friends are called _____ development.

According to Freud's theory, humans progress through a series of ______, or periods in which unconscious drives are focused on different parts of the body, making stimulation to those parts a source of pleasure.

A continuous view of development emphasizes gradual and steady changes.

Because development is multidirectional, at all ages, individuals can compensate for losses by:

Many existing theories and research on human development are based on Western samples.

Decades of research show a relationship between viewing media violence and aggressive behavior in children. Why can we not say that viewing media violence causes aggression in children?

The sequential research design provides information about _____.

_______ sociocultural theory focuses on how culture is transmitted from one generation to the next through social interaction.