Exam 12: Single Baseline Designs

What are the letter notations that behavior analysts use to label their research designs? Provide an example of a notation that would describe a reversal design with two treatments and at least two baseline conditions.

If an investigator wanted to compare the effects of different treatments for a single behavior of a single individual, they would most likely use a(n) ______ design, which involves switching between two or more treatment conditions rapidly.

A practitioner wants to demonstrate if reinforcing appropriate statements would reduce a client's disruptive talking (found to be maintained by attention). To evaluate empirically, it would be best to use which type of design?

A(n) ______ research design is a useful design for investigators interested in gradual decreases in goal levels for the target behavior.

Provide a novel example of how you would implement a reversal design to determine the effects of a token system on a behavior of your choice. Also, draw hypothetical data to go with your example.

Provide a novel example of how you would implement a changing criterion design to decrease caffeine intake with a client. Also, draw hypothetical data to go with your example.

List at least 3 other common terms used to refer to within-subject research designs.

A(n) ______ design is a within-subject, single baseline design that involves a pair of treatment and control conditions in which one or both conditions repeat at least once.

In a reversal design, why may responding not return to the original pattern of responding once a condition is ended and a prior condition is reinstated?

Multi-element designs require that the investigator be confident about two things. First, that the level of responding observed in a brief exposure to each condition is typical of the level found with uninterrupted exposure over a series of sessions. What is the second?

Controlling for extraneous variables is most important for which type of within-subject design?

Describe how an ABAB design is better than an AB design for making conclusions about an intervention.

Of all the single baseline designs, the ____ design is the weakest for making conclusions about the effects of an independent variable.

Brendan is a practitioner is working with an adult client to drink less caffeine each day. Brendan would like to arrange an experimental evaluation to investigate the effects of a reinforcement procedure on his client's caffeine consumption. Describe which single baseline within-subject design would be most appropriate for this experimental question and discuss a) the features of the design you chose and b) considerations Brendan should make specific to your chosen design.

Why would a researcher or practitioner have difficulty in attempting to draw conclusions about the effects of an intervention when using an AB design?

An AB design is a weak basis for defensible conclusions about the influence of the intervention condition because:

Compare and contrast the reversal design and the multi-element design.

A multi-element design requires an investigator to be confident that the transition in responding between control and treatment conditions will be ______.

Provide a novel example of how you would implement a multielement design to determine the effects of different types of edible reinforcers on a behavior of your choice. Also, draw hypothetical data to go with your example.

With regards to typical notations of within-subject designs, the A in an ABAB design stands for which condition?