Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

What concept is defined as a characteristic, predictable style that is influenced by inborn tendencies toward arousal and stimulation, and experiences with adults and contexts?

What developmental task of infancy may influence several components of temperament, including rhythmicity, distractibility, intensity of reaction, and attention?

Jennifer is a mother who is described as being inconsistent and unresponsive to her baby's needs. What attachment type is her baby most likely to develop?

Self-conscious emotions include all of the following except:

Carter is an infant taking part in the Strange Situation. He was wary of the stranger when she entered the room. When his mother left, he cried and the stranger tried to comfort him unsuccessfully. When his mother came back into the room, he smiled at her and reached to her. His mother picked him up and he stopped crying and soon was able to sit on the floor and play with the toys. What attachment type is Carter's behavior consistent with?

Olivia is an infant taking part in the Strange Situation. When her mother comes back in the room, she ignores her mother and fails to greet her, even when her mother calls her name. When her mother tries to pick her up, she turns away. What attachment type is Olivia's behavior consistent with?

Robert is a 6-month-old infant who has parents that are considered neglectful. They don't change his diaper often enough, don't attend to his medical needs, don't hold him when he is upset, and don't make sure he is fed on a regular basis. What would Erikson say that Robert will develop?

Which attachment type is associated with higher rates of antisocial behavior, depression, and anxiety in later childhood and adolescence because of parents who cause unpredictable and potentially fearful home environments?

Robert is an infant who is described as having a difficult temperament. His father is insensitive, coercive, and also difficult in temperament. What can we predict Robert's developmental outcome will be?

The majority of babies are described as having an easy temperament.

Which of the following characteristics is not representative of an easy temperamental style?

What area of development does the internal working model of attachment influence in children?

Hannah is a baby who is fussy, difficult, and slow to adapt to new situations. Her mother is a very sensitive caregiver and makes sure that Hannah has a strict routine and doesn't get upset when Hannah is fussy. What can we predict about Hannah's developmental outcome?

According to Erikson, what happens if parents are neglectful with their infants?

When parents respond promptly to their infants' cries at 2 months of age, the infants will cry for shorter durations as they get older.

Temperament is primarily thought to be influenced only by inborn biological determinants and is not susceptible to environmental factors.

What concept dealing with the developing self is thought to possibly be an innate understanding?

Temperament tends to become less stable as children age, which is especially apparent in early childhood.

Jack's mother made some cookies. Jack asks if he can have one. His mother tells him that he needs to wait until after lunch. Jack isn't happy about it, but he complies with his mother and waits to eat his cookie until he is done with lunch. Based on what we know about delay of gratification and age, how old does Jack need to be?

Juan is an infant taking part in the Strange Situation. When his father comes back in the room, Juan hides behind a chair. His father picks him up and Juan laughs while hitting his father in the face. What attachment type is Juan's behavior consistent with?