Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Rachel is a baby who is described as more inactive than most other babies. She tends to be fairly moody. She doesn't respond very intensely to anything. Rachel is very hesitant when she meets new people, but she will accept them after a little while. When her mother introduces new foods, Rachel doesn't like them at first. She needs to try them multiple times before she will eat. What temperamental style does Rachel have?

At what age does separation protest or separation anxiety tend to peak?

Infants with difficult temperaments who live in hostile living conditions (such as nonindustrial countries plagued by drought) tend to survive at higher rates than do those with easy temperaments.

Which culture is more likely to raise babies into autonomous beings and tend to be more active and stimulating?

What is considered to be a self-description and thoughts about the self?

Why is the formation of an attachment bond crucial for infants' development?

Virtually all infants are attached to their parents.

According to Erikson, what happens if parents are too overprotective with their toddlers?

Insecure attachment at 12 months of age has been shown to predict:

Describe the developmental progression of emotion regulation in infancy and toddlerhood.

What is the name of the structured observational procedure that reveals the security of attachment when the child is placed under stress?

What percentage of babies in the original NYLS sample did not fit well into any of the three temperament categories but displayed a mix of characteristics?

What experiment is used to assess self-recognition in infants?

Anna is an infant taking part in the Strange Situation. Anna was not interested in playing with the toys and sat next to her mother. When the stranger entered the room, Anna began to cry. After her mother left the room and came back in, Anna cried and signaled for her mother to pick her up. When her mother picked her up, she kicked her feet and wanted to get down. She fussed for the remainder of the procedure. What attachment type is Anna's behavior consistent with?

Which culture tends to raise babies to be more passive, less irritable and vocal, and more easily soothed when upset?

Toddlers are more likely to comply with their caregiver's directives than they are to say "no."

Emotion regulation is related to children's increasing ability to use language.

When an infant laughs at unusual events, it illustrates the infant's increasing:

When does the social smile emerge?

How does a parent foster autonomy in his or her toddler and prevent feelings of shame and doubt?