Question 1

Which of the following activities would promote experience-expectant brain growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  reading 
B)  writing 
C)  playing a computer game 
D)  singing a song 
A)  reading 
B)  writing 
C)  playing a computer game 
D)  singing a song D

Question 2

Discuss brain plasticity. When is the brain the most plastic? What evidence does research on brain-damaged children and adults provide?

Accepted Answer

A highly plastic cerebral cortex, in which many areas are not yet committed to specific functions, has a high capacity for learning. And if a part of the cortex is damaged, other parts can take over the tasks it would have handled. But once the hemispheres lateralize, damage to a specific region means that the abilities it controls cannot be recovered to the same extent or as easily as earlier. Researchers study when brain lateralization occurs to learn more about brain plasticity.
At birth, the hemispheres have already begun to specialize. The brain is more plastic during the first few years than it will be ever again. An overabundance of synaptic connections supports brain plasticity, ensuring that young children will acquire certain capacities even if some areas are damaged. And although the cortex is programmed from the start for hemispheric specialization, experience greatly influences the rate and success of its advancing organization.
Research on brain-damaged children and adults offers dramatic evidence for substantial plasticity in the young brain. Consistently, adults who suffered brain injuries in infancy and early childhood show fewer cognitive impairments than adults with later-occurring injuries. Nevertheless, the young brain is not totally plastic. When it is injured, its functioning is compromised. The extent of plasticity depends on several factors, including age at time of injury, site of damage, and skill area.

Question 3

Enrique is 2 months old, painfully thin, and in danger of dying. His mother is too malnourished to produce enough breast milk and bottle-feeding is inadequate. What is the most likely cause of Enrique's illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of thyroxine 
B)  marasmus 
C)  kwashiorkor 
D)  iron-deficiency anemia 
A)  lack of thyroxine 
B)  marasmus 
C)  kwashiorkor 
D)  iron-deficiency anemia B

Question 4

Studies of unmarried mothers show that

Accepted Answer

A)  they tend to wait for marriage before having additional children. 
B)  most are motivated to complete high school in an effort to better the lives of their children. 
C)  lack of material resources greatly reduces the likelihood of earning a high school diploma. 
D)  their children are less likely to become adolescent parents. 
A)  they tend to wait for marriage before having additional children. 
B)  most are motivated to complete high school in an effort to better the lives of their children. 
C)  lack of material resources greatly reduces the likelihood of earning a high school diploma. 
D)  their children are less likely to become adolescent parents.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about infectious diseases in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Illnesses such as measles and chicken pox typically do not appear until age 3. 
B)  Most developmental impairments and death due to diarrhea can be prevented with nearly cost-free oral rehydration therapy (ORT). 
C)  Since 1990, public health workers have taught about 10 percent of the families in the developing world how to administer ORT. 
D)  The majority of children in the world's poorest countries-such as Chad, Morocco, Somalia, and Togo-receive ORT. 
A)  Illnesses such as measles and chicken pox typically do not appear until age 3. 
B)  Most developmental impairments and death due to diarrhea can be prevented with nearly cost-free oral rehydration therapy (ORT). 
C)  Since 1990, public health workers have taught about 10 percent of the families in the developing world how to administer ORT. 
D)  The majority of children in the world's poorest countries-such as Chad, Morocco, Somalia, and Togo-receive ORT.

Question 6

Anorexia nervosa

Accepted Answer

A)  typically appears between ages 11 and 13. 
B)  affects 2 to 4 percent of U.S. teenage girls. 
C)  is equally common in all social-class groups. 
D)  affects more African-American than Hispanic girls. 
A)  typically appears between ages 11 and 13. 
B)  affects 2 to 4 percent of U.S. teenage girls. 
C)  is equally common in all social-class groups. 
D)  affects more African-American than Hispanic girls.

Question 7

Kwashiorkor

Accepted Answer

A)  is common in regions where children get just enough calories from starchy foods but little protein. 
B)  usually appears in the first year of life when a baby's mother is too malnourished to produce enough breast milk. 
C)  affects 27 percent of the world's children before the age of 5. 
D)  affects an estimated 21 percent of U.S. children. 
A)  is common in regions where children get just enough calories from starchy foods but little protein. 
B)  usually appears in the first year of life when a baby's mother is too malnourished to produce enough breast milk. 
C)  affects 27 percent of the world's children before the age of 5. 
D)  affects an estimated 21 percent of U.S. children.

Question 8

In early and middle childhood, children add about _____ inches in height and _____ pounds in weight each year.

Accepted Answer

A)  1-2; 3 
B)  2-3; 5 
C)  3-4; 7 
D)  4-5; 10 
A)  1-2; 3 
B)  2-3; 5 
C)  3-4; 7 
D)  4-5; 10

Question 9

Four-year-old Liam can probably

Accepted Answer

A)  gallop and skip with one foot. 
B)  run at about 18 feet per second. 
C)  involve his whole body in batting a ball. 
D)  display mature, whole-body throwing and catching patterns. 
A)  gallop and skip with one foot. 
B)  run at about 18 feet per second. 
C)  involve his whole body in batting a ball. 
D)  display mature, whole-body throwing and catching patterns.

Question 10

Before lateralization occurs,

Accepted Answer

A)  if a part of the cortex is damaged, other parts can take over the tasks it would have handled. 
B)  each hemisphere controls only one side of the body. 
C)  damage to a particular region means that abilities controlled by it will be lost forever. 
D)  each hemisphere receives sensory information from only one side of the body. 
A)  if a part of the cortex is damaged, other parts can take over the tasks it would have handled. 
B)  each hemisphere controls only one side of the body. 
C)  damage to a particular region means that abilities controlled by it will be lost forever. 
D)  each hemisphere receives sensory information from only one side of the body.

Question 11

The maturation of the breasts, uterus, and vagina are caused by the release of

Accepted Answer

A)  estrogens. 
B)  adrenal androgens. 
C)  testosterone. 
D)  thyroxine. 
A)  estrogens. 
B)  adrenal androgens. 
C)  testosterone. 
D)  thyroxine.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is supported by cross-cultural research on sexuality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most North American adolescents get information from parents about sexually transmitted diseases ?and contraception. 
B)  Sexual attitudes in North America are liberal compared to other Western nations. 
C)  In some cultures, adolescents are expected to engage in sexual experimentation with a variety of partners. 
D)  Rates of extramarital sex among North American adolescents have risen sharply in recent decades. 
A)  Most North American adolescents get information from parents about sexually transmitted diseases ?and contraception. 
B)  Sexual attitudes in North America are liberal compared to other Western nations. 
C)  In some cultures, adolescents are expected to engage in sexual experimentation with a variety of partners. 
D)  Rates of extramarital sex among North American adolescents have risen sharply in recent decades.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true about individual and group differences in pubertal growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heredity contributes substantially to the timing of pubertal changes. 
B)  In developing countries, boys and girls reach pubertal milestones at about the same age. 
C)  Girls who begin rigorous athletic training at an early age usually experience early puberty. 
D)  In developing countries, girls from affluent families consistently reach menarche 6 to 18 months later than those from economically disadvantaged homes. 
A)  Heredity contributes substantially to the timing of pubertal changes. 
B)  In developing countries, boys and girls reach pubertal milestones at about the same age. 
C)  Girls who begin rigorous athletic training at an early age usually experience early puberty. 
D)  In developing countries, girls from affluent families consistently reach menarche 6 to 18 months later than those from economically disadvantaged homes.

Question 14

Discuss the factors that contribute to adolescent moodiness.

Accepted Answer

Higher pubertal hormone levels are linke

Question 15

Most newborns

Accepted Answer

A)  show greater activation in the right hemisphere while listening to speech sounds. 
B)  react more strongly in the left hemisphere to nonspeech sounds. 
C)  do not show specialization in the hemispheres of the brain. 
D)  favor the right side of the body in their head position and reflexive reactions. 
A)  show greater activation in the right hemisphere while listening to speech sounds. 
B)  react more strongly in the left hemisphere to nonspeech sounds. 
C)  do not show specialization in the hemispheres of the brain. 
D)  favor the right side of the body in their head position and reflexive reactions.

Question 16

In the United States, __________ is especially high among low-income ethnic minority families and affects an estimated 21 percent of U.S. children.

Accepted Answer

A)  marasmus 
B)  kwashiorkor 
C)  iron-deficiency anemia 
D)  food insecurity 
A)  marasmus 
B)  kwashiorkor 
C)  iron-deficiency anemia 
D)  food insecurity

Question 17

Studies of pubertal timing show that

Accepted Answer

A)  early-maturing girls are more satisfied with their body image than their late-maturing agemates. 
B)  the negative body image of early-maturing boys worsens throughout adolescence. 
C)  early-maturing boys tend to be overly talkative and attention seeking. 
D)  early-maturing adolescents of both sexes seek out older companions. 
A)  early-maturing girls are more satisfied with their body image than their late-maturing agemates. 
B)  the negative body image of early-maturing boys worsens throughout adolescence. 
C)  early-maturing boys tend to be overly talkative and attention seeking. 
D)  early-maturing adolescents of both sexes seek out older companions.

Question 18

Parent-adolescent disagreements focus largely on

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term goals, such as college or vocational training. 
B)  substance abuse. 
C)  early sexual activity. 
D)  mundane, day-to-day matters, such as driving and curfews. 
A)  long-term goals, such as college or vocational training. 
B)  substance abuse. 
C)  early sexual activity. 
D)  mundane, day-to-day matters, such as driving and curfews.

Question 19

Both sexes gain muscle at puberty, but this increase is _____ percent greater in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  75; girls 
B)  100; girls 
C)  100; boys 
D)  150; boys 
A)  75; girls 
B)  100; girls 
C)  100; boys 
D)  150; boys

Question 20

In comparing ethnic variations in growth rate, researchers find that __________ children tend to mature faster than __________ children.

Accepted Answer

A)  European; African-American 
B)  Asian; Caucasian-American 
C)  European; Asian 
D)  Caucasian-American; African-American 
A)  European; African-American 
B)  Asian; Caucasian-American 
C)  European; Asian 
D)  Caucasian-American; African-American

Which of the following activities would promote experience-expectant brain growth?

Discuss brain plasticity. When is the brain the most plastic? What evidence does research on brain-damaged children and adults provide?

Enrique is 2 months old, painfully thin, and in danger of dying. His mother is too malnourished to produce enough breast milk and bottle-feeding is inadequate. What is the most likely cause of Enrique's illness?

Studies of unmarried mothers show that

Which of the following statements is true about infectious diseases in developing countries?

Anorexia nervosa

Kwashiorkor

In early and middle childhood, children add about _ inches in height and _ pounds in weight each year.

Four-year-old Liam can probably

Before lateralization occurs,

The maturation of the breasts, uterus, and vagina are caused by the release of

Which of the following statements is supported by cross-cultural research on sexuality?

Which of the following statements is true about individual and group differences in pubertal growth?

Discuss the factors that contribute to adolescent moodiness.

Most newborns

In the United States, __________ is especially high among low-income ethnic minority families and affects an estimated 21 percent of U.S. children.

Studies of pubertal timing show that

Parent-adolescent disagreements focus largely on

Both sexes gain muscle at puberty, but this increase is _ percent greater in ______.

In comparing ethnic variations in growth rate, researchers find that children tend to mature faster than children.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 5: Physical Growth

Which of the following activities would promote experience-expectant brain growth?

Discuss brain plasticity. When is the brain the most plastic? What evidence does research on brain-damaged children and adults provide?

Enrique is 2 months old, painfully thin, and in danger of dying. His mother is too malnourished to produce enough breast milk and bottle-feeding is inadequate. What is the most likely cause of Enrique's illness?

Studies of unmarried mothers show that

Which of the following statements is true about infectious diseases in developing countries?

Anorexia nervosa

Kwashiorkor

In early and middle childhood, children add about _____ inches in height and _____ pounds in weight each year.

Four-year-old Liam can probably

Before lateralization occurs,

The maturation of the breasts, uterus, and vagina are caused by the release of

Which of the following statements is supported by cross-cultural research on sexuality?

Which of the following statements is true about individual and group differences in pubertal growth?

Discuss the factors that contribute to adolescent moodiness.

Most newborns

In the United States, __________ is especially high among low-income ethnic minority families and affects an estimated 21 percent of U.S. children.

Studies of pubertal timing show that

Parent-adolescent disagreements focus largely on

Both sexes gain muscle at puberty, but this increase is _____ percent greater in __________.

In comparing ethnic variations in growth rate, researchers find that __________ children tend to mature faster than __________ children.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

In early and middle childhood, children add about _ inches in height and _ pounds in weight each year.

Both sexes gain muscle at puberty, but this increase is _ percent greater in ______.

In comparing ethnic variations in growth rate, researchers find that children tend to mature faster than children.