Question 1

In the store model, input in the information-processing system

Accepted Answer

A)  enters the sensory register and is stored momentarily. 
B)  simply flows on its own through the various stores. 
C)  is automatically transferred into long-term memory. 
D)  enters the sensory register and is stored for days or weeks. 
A)  enters the sensory register and is stored momentarily. 
B)  simply flows on its own through the various stores. 
C)  is automatically transferred into long-term memory. 
D)  enters the sensory register and is stored for days or weeks. A

Question 2

The store model of information processing focuses on __________ as information flows __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  general units of cognitive functioning; sequentially 
B)  mechanisms of cognitive change; arithmetically 
C)  Piaget's stages; in an evolutionary manner 
D)  the evolutionary perspective; sequentially 
A)  general units of cognitive functioning; sequentially 
B)  mechanisms of cognitive change; arithmetically 
C)  Piaget's stages; in an evolutionary manner 
D)  the evolutionary perspective; sequentially A

Question 3

In a German study, the more teachers emphasized __________, the more children gained in math achievement from second to third grade.

Accepted Answer

A)  strategy experimentation 
B)  conceptual knowledge 
C)  computational drills 
D)  numerical understanding 
A)  strategy experimentation 
B)  conceptual knowledge 
C)  computational drills 
D)  numerical understanding B

Question 4

A central goal of the information-processing approach is to

Accepted Answer

A)  uncover mechanisms of change. 
B)  develop applications for classroom learning. 
C)  describe the normative course of cognitive development. 
D)  refine and revise Piaget's theory. 
A)  uncover mechanisms of change. 
B)  develop applications for classroom learning. 
C)  describe the normative course of cognitive development. 
D)  refine and revise Piaget's theory.

Question 5

When solving basic addition problems, 5-year-old Sid sometimes counts on his fingers, sometimes starts with the lowest digit, or sometimes starts with the highest digit. According to Siegler's model of strategy choice,

Accepted Answer

A)  Sid has problems with cognitive self-regulation. 
B)  Sid has a control deficiency. 
C)  Sid is not yet skilled at cognitive inhibition. 
D)  Sid's variability in strategy use is adaptive. 
A)  Sid has problems with cognitive self-regulation. 
B)  Sid has a control deficiency. 
C)  Sid is not yet skilled at cognitive inhibition. 
D)  Sid's variability in strategy use is adaptive.

Question 6

Studies of early reading show that

Accepted Answer

A)  a whole-language approach is the best method to teach reading. 
B)  children learn beginning reading best with a basic-skills approach. 
C)  kindergartners benefit from an emphasis on phonics, with a gradual emphasis on whole language. 
D)  too much emphasis on basic skills may cause children to lose sight of the goal of reading. 
A)  a whole-language approach is the best method to teach reading. 
B)  children learn beginning reading best with a basic-skills approach. 
C)  kindergartners benefit from an emphasis on phonics, with a gradual emphasis on whole language. 
D)  too much emphasis on basic skills may cause children to lose sight of the goal of reading.

Question 7

Five-year-old Louis can conserve liquid, but not volume. According to Case's neo-Piagetian theory, one explanation for Louis's differential success would be that

Accepted Answer

A)  he has more experience manipulating volume than he does manipulating liquid. 
B)  he lives in a culture that does not encourage mastery of conservation. 
C)  the processing demands of a conservation-of-volume task are greater than those of a conservation-of-liquid task. 
D)  familiar glasses were used in the liquid problem, whereas less familiar glasses were used in the volume problem. 
A)  he has more experience manipulating volume than he does manipulating liquid. 
B)  he lives in a culture that does not encourage mastery of conservation. 
C)  the processing demands of a conservation-of-volume task are greater than those of a conservation-of-liquid task. 
D)  familiar glasses were used in the liquid problem, whereas less familiar glasses were used in the volume problem.

Question 8

The children in Ramon's preschool class perform considerably better in situations in which they must follow some commands but not others, as in the game "Simon Says." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  analytical problem solving. 
B)  deficiencies in frontal lobe functioning. 
C)  age-related gains in inhibition. 
D)  Sigeler's model of strategy choice. 
A)  analytical problem solving. 
B)  deficiencies in frontal lobe functioning. 
C)  age-related gains in inhibition. 
D)  Sigeler's model of strategy choice.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about preschoolers?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are often confused by subtle distinctions between mental states, such as "know" and "forget." 
B)  They believe their mental activity is busiest while they wait, look at pictures, listen to stories, or read books. 
C)  They understand that when a person shows no obvious cues that he or she is thinking, mental activity is still occurring. 
D)  They focus on the process of thinking rather than on the outcomes. 
A)  They are often confused by subtle distinctions between mental states, such as "know" and "forget." 
B)  They believe their mental activity is busiest while they wait, look at pictures, listen to stories, or read books. 
C)  They understand that when a person shows no obvious cues that he or she is thinking, mental activity is still occurring. 
D)  They focus on the process of thinking rather than on the outcomes.

Question 10

Studies of infantile amnesia suggest that the advent of __________ contributes to the end of infantile amnesia.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit memory 
B)  automization 
C)  a clear self-image 
D)  phonological awareness 
A)  implicit memory 
B)  automization 
C)  a clear self-image 
D)  phonological awareness

Question 11

Nine-year-old Kael has difficulty putting what he knows about thinking into action because he is not yet proficient at

Accepted Answer

A)  metacognition. 
B)  cognitive self-regulation. 
C)  constructing mental inferences. 
D)  constructing a theory of mind. 
A)  metacognition. 
B)  cognitive self-regulation. 
C)  constructing mental inferences. 
D)  constructing a theory of mind.

Question 12

Early childhood is a vital time for laying the foundations of executive function, which includes

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive responses to simple cognitive processes. 
B)  refinement and reorganization of existing cognitive schemes. 
C)  controlling information as it flows from the central executive to the short-term memory store. 
D)  controlling attention, suppressing impulses in favor of adaptive responses, and flexibly redirecting thought and behavior. 
A)  adaptive responses to simple cognitive processes. 
B)  refinement and reorganization of existing cognitive schemes. 
C)  controlling information as it flows from the central executive to the short-term memory store. 
D)  controlling attention, suppressing impulses in favor of adaptive responses, and flexibly redirecting thought and behavior.

Question 13

Eight-year-old Romeo went with his father to buy some fruit. His father kept walking up and down each aisle. Romeo took his father's hand and steered him on a shorter route to get to the produce aisle. Romeo was effectively using

Accepted Answer

A)  planning. 
B)  schematics. 
C)  retrieval. 
D)  mapping. 
A)  planning. 
B)  schematics. 
C)  retrieval. 
D)  mapping.

Question 14

Kate tells Kim that she has six fish, four hamsters, and two dogs. Later, when asked if Kate has more fish or more dogs, Kim does not remember the exact numbers, but is able to answer correctly because she relied on her __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  gist 
B)  numerical 
C)  verbatim 
D)  recognition 
A)  gist 
B)  numerical 
C)  verbatim 
D)  recognition

Question 15

According to fuzzy-trace theory, __________ preserve(s) essential meaning without details, whereas __________ memory contains precise details.

Accepted Answer

A)  scripts; autobiographical 
B)  recognition memory; recall 
C)  semantic memory; episodic 
D)  gists; verbatim 
A)  scripts; autobiographical 
B)  recognition memory; recall 
C)  semantic memory; episodic 
D)  gists; verbatim

Question 16

According to Case's neo-Piagetian theory, __________ relaxes working memory for other activities.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive self-regulation 
B)  synaptic pruning 
C)  accommodation 
D)  automization of schemes 
A)  cognitive self-regulation 
B)  synaptic pruning 
C)  accommodation 
D)  automization of schemes

Question 17

Research on children's eyewitness testimony shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  most preschoolers are unable to disclose forensically relevant details without the use of leading questions. 
B)  a warm, supportive interview tone fosters accurate recall. 
C)  preschoolers almost always provide false information in their testimonies. 
D)  children who go to "court school" are at high risk for being misled by a biased interviewer. 
A)  most preschoolers are unable to disclose forensically relevant details without the use of leading questions. 
B)  a warm, supportive interview tone fosters accurate recall. 
C)  preschoolers almost always provide false information in their testimonies. 
D)  children who go to "court school" are at high risk for being misled by a biased interviewer.

Question 18

Studies of memory strategy use by younger children show that

Accepted Answer

A)  control and utilization deficiencies disappear once they enter elementary school. 
B)  once a strategy is learned, they tend to use it consistently. 
C)  their rehearsal strategies are especially clear and organized at an early age. 
D)  their use of multiple memory strategies has little impact on performance. 
A)  control and utilization deficiencies disappear once they enter elementary school. 
B)  once a strategy is learned, they tend to use it consistently. 
C)  their rehearsal strategies are especially clear and organized at an early age. 
D)  their use of multiple memory strategies has little impact on performance.

Question 19

Most investigations into theory of mind address children's ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  detect their own and other people's perceptions, feelings, desires, and beliefs. 
B)  keep track of the sources of information in memory. 
C)  monitor progress toward a goal and redirect unsuccessful efforts. 
D)  use mnemonic strategies on tests of memory. 
A)  detect their own and other people's perceptions, feelings, desires, and beliefs. 
B)  keep track of the sources of information in memory. 
C)  monitor progress toward a goal and redirect unsuccessful efforts. 
D)  use mnemonic strategies on tests of memory.

Question 20

Seven-year-old Liz executes attentional strategies consistently, but her performance does not improve. This is an example of a __________ deficiency.

Accepted Answer

A)  utilization 
B)  control 
C)  production 
D)  distraction 
A)  utilization 
B)  control 
C)  production 
D)  distraction

In the store model, input in the information-processing system

The store model of information processing focuses on as information flows .

In a German study, the more teachers emphasized __________, the more children gained in math achievement from second to third grade.

A central goal of the information-processing approach is to

When solving basic addition problems, 5-year-old Sid sometimes counts on his fingers, sometimes starts with the lowest digit, or sometimes starts with the highest digit. According to Siegler's model of strategy choice,

Studies of early reading show that

Five-year-old Louis can conserve liquid, but not volume. According to Case's neo-Piagetian theory, one explanation for Louis's differential success would be that

The children in Ramon's preschool class perform considerably better in situations in which they must follow some commands but not others, as in the game "Simon Says." This is an example of

Which of the following statements is true about preschoolers?

Studies of infantile amnesia suggest that the advent of __________ contributes to the end of infantile amnesia.

Nine-year-old Kael has difficulty putting what he knows about thinking into action because he is not yet proficient at

Early childhood is a vital time for laying the foundations of executive function, which includes

Eight-year-old Romeo went with his father to buy some fruit. His father kept walking up and down each aisle. Romeo took his father's hand and steered him on a shorter route to get to the produce aisle. Romeo was effectively using

Kate tells Kim that she has six fish, four hamsters, and two dogs. Later, when asked if Kate has more fish or more dogs, Kim does not remember the exact numbers, but is able to answer correctly because she relied on her __________ memory.

According to fuzzy-trace theory, preserve(s) essential meaning without details, whereas memory contains precise details.

According to Case's neo-Piagetian theory, __________ relaxes working memory for other activities.

Research on children's eyewitness testimony shows that

Studies of memory strategy use by younger children show that

Most investigations into theory of mind address children's ability to

Seven-year-old Liz executes attentional strategies consistently, but her performance does not improve. This is an example of a __________ deficiency.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 7: Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

In the store model, input in the information-processing system

The store model of information processing focuses on __________ as information flows __________.

In a German study, the more teachers emphasized __________, the more children gained in math achievement from second to third grade.

A central goal of the information-processing approach is to

When solving basic addition problems, 5-year-old Sid sometimes counts on his fingers, sometimes starts with the lowest digit, or sometimes starts with the highest digit. According to Siegler's model of strategy choice,

Studies of early reading show that

Five-year-old Louis can conserve liquid, but not volume. According to Case's neo-Piagetian theory, one explanation for Louis's differential success would be that

The children in Ramon's preschool class perform considerably better in situations in which they must follow some commands but not others, as in the game "Simon Says." This is an example of

Which of the following statements is true about preschoolers?

Studies of infantile amnesia suggest that the advent of __________ contributes to the end of infantile amnesia.

Nine-year-old Kael has difficulty putting what he knows about thinking into action because he is not yet proficient at

Early childhood is a vital time for laying the foundations of executive function, which includes

Eight-year-old Romeo went with his father to buy some fruit. His father kept walking up and down each aisle. Romeo took his father's hand and steered him on a shorter route to get to the produce aisle. Romeo was effectively using

Kate tells Kim that she has six fish, four hamsters, and two dogs. Later, when asked if Kate has more fish or more dogs, Kim does not remember the exact numbers, but is able to answer correctly because she relied on her __________ memory.

According to fuzzy-trace theory, __________ preserve(s) essential meaning without details, whereas __________ memory contains precise details.

According to Case's neo-Piagetian theory, __________ relaxes working memory for other activities.

Research on children's eyewitness testimony shows that

Studies of memory strategy use by younger children show that

Most investigations into theory of mind address children's ability to

Seven-year-old Liz executes attentional strategies consistently, but her performance does not improve. This is an example of a __________ deficiency.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

The store model of information processing focuses on as information flows .

According to fuzzy-trace theory, preserve(s) essential meaning without details, whereas memory contains precise details.