Question 1

Research indicates that infants who look and smile more at video images of others than at video images of themselves

Accepted Answer

A)  have not yet developed self-awareness. 
B)  are viewing another person as a potential social partner. 
C)  have a limited self-conceptualization. 
D)  cannot yet distinguish strangers from familiar caregivers. 
A)  have not yet developed self-awareness. 
B)  are viewing another person as a potential social partner. 
C)  have a limited self-conceptualization. 
D)  cannot yet distinguish strangers from familiar caregivers. B

Question 2

fMRI studies on the brains of children with autism show

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller than average brains due to high levels of synaptic pruning. 
B)  reduced activity in areas of the cerebral cortex involved in processing emotional and social information. 
C)  reduced blood flow to the frontal lobe areas responsible for the ability to self-regulate behavior. 
D)  recognizable impairments in all areas of the brain. 
A)  smaller than average brains due to high levels of synaptic pruning. 
B)  reduced activity in areas of the cerebral cortex involved in processing emotional and social information. 
C)  reduced blood flow to the frontal lobe areas responsible for the ability to self-regulate behavior. 
D)  recognizable impairments in all areas of the brain. B

Question 3

Adolescents whose family members __________ typically surmount the threat that discrimination poses to a favorable ethnic identity.

Accepted Answer

A)  encourage them to let go of tradition and merge with the majority cultural identity 
B)  encourage them to disprove ethnic stereotypes of low achievement or antisocial behavior 
C)  tightly restrict access to the majority culture out of fear of assimilation 
D)  teach them to ignore negative stereotypes and to avoid any who hold those ideas 
A)  encourage them to let go of tradition and merge with the majority cultural identity 
B)  encourage them to disprove ethnic stereotypes of low achievement or antisocial behavior 
C)  tightly restrict access to the majority culture out of fear of assimilation 
D)  teach them to ignore negative stereotypes and to avoid any who hold those ideas B

Question 4

Five-year-old Jamari observes his friend Liam fall while ice skating. Instead of crying, Liam starts to laugh, and Jamari imagines what Liam's thoughts and feelings might be. Jamari is using __________ to understand Liam's actions.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-regulation 
B)  social comparison 
C)  belief-desire theory of mind 
D)  perspective taking 
A)  self-regulation 
B)  social comparison 
C)  belief-desire theory of mind 
D)  perspective taking

Question 5

Aubrey is high in achievement motivation. She credits her school success to ability and hard work. Aubrey

Accepted Answer

A)  is displaying learned helplessness. 
B)  emphasizes performance goals over learning goals. 
C)  is making mastery-oriented attributions. 
D)  holds an entity view of ability. 
A)  is displaying learned helplessness. 
B)  emphasizes performance goals over learning goals. 
C)  is making mastery-oriented attributions. 
D)  holds an entity view of ability.

Question 6

Research on theory of mind and perspective taking indicates that preschoolers

Accepted Answer

A)  are capable of understanding what another person is thinking and feeling. 
B)  understand that two people can interpret the same ambiguous information differently. 
C)  think that people always act in ways consistent with their desires and do not realize beliefs also affect behavior. 
D)  realize that prior knowledge and experience affects an individual's interpretation of new information. 
A)  are capable of understanding what another person is thinking and feeling. 
B)  understand that two people can interpret the same ambiguous information differently. 
C)  think that people always act in ways consistent with their desires and do not realize beliefs also affect behavior. 
D)  realize that prior knowledge and experience affects an individual's interpretation of new information.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is an example of recursive thought?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Mommy is mad because I hit my sister." 
B)  "My teacher is always happy." 
C)  "If she doesn't give me the book, I'm going to tell the teacher." 
D)  "I thought you would think I was just kidding when I said that." 
A)  "Mommy is mad because I hit my sister." 
B)  "My teacher is always happy." 
C)  "If she doesn't give me the book, I'm going to tell the teacher." 
D)  "I thought you would think I was just kidding when I said that."

Question 8

The arrival of adolescence adds __________ as a new dimension of self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A)  physical/athletic ability 
B)  self-respect 
C)  popularity 
D)  close friendship 
A)  physical/athletic ability 
B)  self-respect 
C)  popularity 
D)  close friendship

Question 9

A researcher studying person perception might ask which of the following questions?

Accepted Answer

A)  "What is your favorite subject in school?" 
B)  "What do you want to do when you grow up?" 
C)  "Tell me about yourself." 
D)  "Can you tell me what kind of person __________ is?" 
A)  "What is your favorite subject in school?" 
B)  "What do you want to do when you grow up?" 
C)  "Tell me about yourself." 
D)  "Can you tell me what kind of person __________ is?"

Question 10

Describe the four identity statuses and their influence on psychological well-being.

Accepted Answer

The four identity statuses are: (1) iden

Question 11

Most North Americans regard favorable self-esteem as __________ for healthy development, whereas Chinese adults generally see it as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  crucial; unimportant or even negative 
B)  unimportant or even negative; crucial 
C)  somewhat important; maladaptive and harmful 
D)  somewhat important; crucial 
A)  crucial; unimportant or even negative 
B)  unimportant or even negative; crucial 
C)  somewhat important; maladaptive and harmful 
D)  somewhat important; crucial

Question 12

After age 7 or 8,

Accepted Answer

A)  white children's prejudice against out-group members strengthens. 
B)  majority children, but not minority children, express in-group favoritism. 
C)  both majority and minority children express in-group favoritism. 
D)  both majority and minority children express out-group favoritism. 
A)  white children's prejudice against out-group members strengthens. 
B)  majority children, but not minority children, express in-group favoritism. 
C)  both majority and minority children express in-group favoritism. 
D)  both majority and minority children express out-group favoritism.

Question 13

Which of the following young adults is at risk for long-term identity foreclosure or diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vintrea, a college graduate who switches majors 
B)  Coulter, an aspiring chef who has no opportunity for culinary training 
C)  Lindsay, a young woman with several possible vocational choices 
D)  Susannah, a Peace Corps volunteer 
A)  Vintrea, a college graduate who switches majors 
B)  Coulter, an aspiring chef who has no opportunity for culinary training 
C)  Lindsay, a young woman with several possible vocational choices 
D)  Susannah, a Peace Corps volunteer

Question 14

Explain how cultural factors and gender contribute to the development of self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

Cultural forces profoundly affect self-e

Question 15

By the early school years, children associate power and privilege with __________ and poverty and inferior status with __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  white people; people of color 
B)  people of color; white people 
C)  white males; white females 
D)  black males; black females 
A)  white people; people of color 
B)  people of color; white people 
C)  white males; white females 
D)  black males; black females

Question 16

At what age will infants first look longer at a video image of a peer than at a video image of themselves?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 month 
B)  4 months 
C)  6 months 
D)  9 months 
A)  1 month 
B)  4 months 
C)  6 months 
D)  9 months

Question 17

Dr. Zoglin explains to his students how much easier it is to predict the motion of a physical object, such as a rolling ball, than the actions of a person. Dr. Zoglin is describing

Accepted Answer

A)  differences between the I-self and the me-self. 
B)  differences between social and nonsocial cognition. 
C)  the development of self-awareness. 
D)  metacognitive understanding. 
A)  differences between the I-self and the me-self. 
B)  differences between social and nonsocial cognition. 
C)  the development of self-awareness. 
D)  metacognitive understanding.

Question 18

Children who possess an incremental view of ability

Accepted Answer

A)  attribute task failure to insufficient ability. 
B)  tend to give up easily when faced with a challenging task. 
C)  credit task success to genetics. 
D)  believe that ability can be increased through effort. 
A)  attribute task failure to insufficient ability. 
B)  tend to give up easily when faced with a challenging task. 
C)  credit task success to genetics. 
D)  believe that ability can be increased through effort.

Question 19

Appreciation of __________ enables children to pinpoint the reasons that another person arrived at a certain belief.

Accepted Answer

A)  first-order false belief 
B)  second-order false belief 
C)  pragmatics 
D)  empathy 
A)  first-order false belief 
B)  second-order false belief 
C)  pragmatics 
D)  empathy

Question 20

During the evening drive home, Mr. Cruz looks at his 4-year-old daughter in the rearview mirror and asks what she is doing. She responds, "I'm thinking inside." Her response indicates an awareness of the __________ self.

Accepted Answer

A)  categorical 
B)  enduring 
C)  inner 
D)  remembered 
A)  categorical 
B)  enduring 
C)  inner 
D)  remembered

Research indicates that infants who look and smile more at video images of others than at video images of themselves

fMRI studies on the brains of children with autism show

Adolescents whose family members __________ typically surmount the threat that discrimination poses to a favorable ethnic identity.

Five-year-old Jamari observes his friend Liam fall while ice skating. Instead of crying, Liam starts to laugh, and Jamari imagines what Liam's thoughts and feelings might be. Jamari is using __________ to understand Liam's actions.

Aubrey is high in achievement motivation. She credits her school success to ability and hard work. Aubrey

Research on theory of mind and perspective taking indicates that preschoolers

Which of the following statements is an example of recursive thought?

The arrival of adolescence adds __________ as a new dimension of self-esteem.

A researcher studying person perception might ask which of the following questions?

Describe the four identity statuses and their influence on psychological well-being.

Most North Americans regard favorable self-esteem as for healthy development, whereas Chinese adults generally see it as .

After age 7 or 8,

Which of the following young adults is at risk for long-term identity foreclosure or diffusion?

Explain how cultural factors and gender contribute to the development of self-esteem.

By the early school years, children associate power and privilege with and poverty and inferior status with .

At what age will infants first look longer at a video image of a peer than at a video image of themselves?

Dr. Zoglin explains to his students how much easier it is to predict the motion of a physical object, such as a rolling ball, than the actions of a person. Dr. Zoglin is describing

Children who possess an incremental view of ability

Appreciation of __________ enables children to pinpoint the reasons that another person arrived at a certain belief.

During the evening drive home, Mr. Cruz looks at his 4-year-old daughter in the rearview mirror and asks what she is doing. She responds, "I'm thinking inside." Her response indicates an awareness of the __________ self.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 11: Self and Social Understanding

Research indicates that infants who look and smile more at video images of others than at video images of themselves

fMRI studies on the brains of children with autism show

Adolescents whose family members __________ typically surmount the threat that discrimination poses to a favorable ethnic identity.

Five-year-old Jamari observes his friend Liam fall while ice skating. Instead of crying, Liam starts to laugh, and Jamari imagines what Liam's thoughts and feelings might be. Jamari is using __________ to understand Liam's actions.

Aubrey is high in achievement motivation. She credits her school success to ability and hard work. Aubrey

Research on theory of mind and perspective taking indicates that preschoolers

Which of the following statements is an example of recursive thought?

The arrival of adolescence adds __________ as a new dimension of self-esteem.

A researcher studying person perception might ask which of the following questions?

Describe the four identity statuses and their influence on psychological well-being.

Most North Americans regard favorable self-esteem as __________ for healthy development, whereas Chinese adults generally see it as __________.

After age 7 or 8,

Which of the following young adults is at risk for long-term identity foreclosure or diffusion?

Explain how cultural factors and gender contribute to the development of self-esteem.

By the early school years, children associate power and privilege with __________ and poverty and inferior status with __________.

At what age will infants first look longer at a video image of a peer than at a video image of themselves?

Dr. Zoglin explains to his students how much easier it is to predict the motion of a physical object, such as a rolling ball, than the actions of a person. Dr. Zoglin is describing

Children who possess an incremental view of ability

Appreciation of __________ enables children to pinpoint the reasons that another person arrived at a certain belief.

During the evening drive home, Mr. Cruz looks at his 4-year-old daughter in the rearview mirror and asks what she is doing. She responds, "I'm thinking inside." Her response indicates an awareness of the __________ self.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Most North Americans regard favorable self-esteem as for healthy development, whereas Chinese adults generally see it as .

By the early school years, children associate power and privilege with and poverty and inferior status with .