Chat with AIExam 6: Sampling: Case Selection as a Basis for Inference
According to Box 6.4, studies show that crowdsourcing samples of US workers closely resemble the US population.
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Suppose you want to draw a probability sample of all U.S. intercollegiate athletes who are competing during the current academic year. Describe how you might use each of the basic probability sampling designs: simple random, stratified random, and multistage cluster. Then indicate which sampling design you think is best to use and why.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotTo draw a probability sample of all U.S. intercollegiate athletes competing during the current academic year, we can use different probability sampling designs such as simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and multistage cluster sampling.
Simple random sampling involves selecting a random sample from the entire population of U.S. intercollegiate athletes. This can be done by assigning a unique identifier to each athlete and using a random number generator to select a sample of athletes.
Stratified random sampling involves dividing the population of athletes into different strata or groups based on certain characteristics such as sport, gender, or division level. Then, a random sample is selected from each stratum to ensure representation from each subgroup.
Multistage cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters, such as colleges or universities, and then randomly selecting a sample of clusters. Within each selected cluster, a random sample of athletes is then chosen.
In this case, the best sampling design to use would likely be stratified random sampling. This is because intercollegiate athletes can vary widely in terms of sport, gender, and division level, and using stratified random sampling would ensure that the sample is representative of the entire population of athletes. It would also allow for comparisons to be made between different subgroups of athletes, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the population.
According to Box 6.1, computer programs for random selection such as RANDOM.ORG typically use _______; in social research, case selection involves _______.
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According to Box 6.4, the evidence shows that online panels are less accurate than probability samples.
(28) Following a senatorial election in California, a Los Angeles Times article pointed out that the polls are not as reliable as media portrayals would suggest. The author gave several examples of seemingly contradictory poll results in pre-election surveys; for example, one poll had one candidate ahead by 10 points and another poll had her trailing by 2. Suppose someone asks you to explain how this could occur. Assuming that all the polls were telephone surveys that used probability sampling, identify and briefly describe three possible sources of sampling error in the polls.
(33) What sampling technique is used in qualitative studies to select cases that will elaborate and refine emerging explanations?
(22) Which of the following is a characteristic of the sampling distribution of a mean or proportion?
(38) In research that uses nonprobability sampling, cases or research sites may be chosen because they are extreme or deviant.
(32) Describe the key differences between probability and nonprobability sampling. What defines a probability sample? For what purposes and under what conditions is it appropriate to use each of these sampling strategies? What kind of inferences are possible with each?
(30) According to Box 6.4, which of the following best describes crowdsourcing as a sampling method? It generates a
(42) According to Box 6.4, which of the following is not an advantage of crowdsourcing and online panels as methods of sampling?
(34) To study how satisfied Americans are with the electoral process, a social scientist conducts a mail questionnaire survey. First, he obtains a list of all political precincts in the United States (which covers all areas of the U.S.) and randomly selects a number of precincts from this list. He then obtains a list of registered voters for each selected precinct, and from each list he selects a random sample of voters. Finally, he mails each selected voter a survey in which he asks questions about their satisfaction with the electoral process.
a. What type of sampling design is this?
b. There are two sampling frames. What are they?
c. Carefully evaluate the adequacy of each frame in terms of meeting the objective of the study.
(34) Constructing a sampling frame often amounts to finding an adequate list of all cases in the population.
(35) You plan to draw a sample of 1,000 from the population of a large state in order to estimate the average value of individual life insurance coverage. A list of all state residents and their incomes is available from the state revenue department. Which sampling design should produce the smallest margin of error?
(40) Nonprobability sampling usually involves two steps, which are
(28) By using purposive sampling to select women members from 30 racist groups representing every region of the country, Blee was able to
(31) With random selection (with replacement), the chances of selecting one case has no effect on the chances of selecting another.
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