Exam 7: Canadian Girls and Crime in the Twenty-First Century

Since the introduction of the YCJA in 2003, there has been an undeniable decrease in charges, guilty findings, and custodial sentences for both boys and girls.

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(True/False)

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Question 1

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True

How did Steffensmeier et al. (2005) try to explain why the officially reported upward trend of girls' offending behaviour could not be replicated using unofficial longitudinal sources?

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Question 2

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Steffensmeier et al. hypothesized that changes in enforcement, in youth justice policy, and in culture are better explanations of the changing charge rates than actual changes in the level of female deviance and criminality. Because policy has changed in a more expressive and punitive direction, actions that previously would not have come to the attention of police were more likely to be reclassified as criminal matters.

What is problematic about the way in which power-control theory treats victimization?

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Question 3

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Power-control theory ignores the fact that victimization can occur in families and that girls are not necessarily protected from victimization in patriarchal families; rather, evidence shows that ggirls are often victimized in their homes by those closest to them and may be more vulnerable than boys to abuse at home.

Researchers who advance biopsychosocial models of chronic antisocial and delinquent behaviour have shown that for both girls and boys biological pre-dispositions can be mediated positively or negatively in a child's life by ________.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 4

Trauma Theory is one that is applied to understand the trauma faced by the family members of young offenders.

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Question 5

In Canada, Barron and Lacombe (2005) argue that recent public concern suggesting that girl violence is increasing is ________.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 6

The most common sentence or disposition for girls, like boys, is probation.

(True/False)

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Question 7

Research on family influences on youth delinquency and crime shows that girls suffer the negative consequences of family conflict more than boys do.

(True/False)

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Question 8

What is compensatory practice?

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Question 9

Compensatory practices assume that girls require different but equal treatment.

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Question 10

How has the implementation of the YCJA contributed to net narrowing? How has net narrowing created conditions that allow serious criminal behaviour to be desirable?

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Question 11

Why are Canada's current youth justice practices especially problematic for Indigenous girls?

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Question 12

Intersectionality refers to a movement away from thinking categorically and toward thinking about the connections and crossroads between social facets.

(True/False)

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Question 13

In 2011-2012, Indigenous female youth represented ________ of all female youth sentenced to custody in Canada.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 14

What did Cesare Lombroso argue as to why females became criminals?

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Question 15

The proportion of Indigenous female youth in sentenced custody compared to non-Indigenous female youth has increased since the introduction of the YCJA.

(True/False)

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Question 16

What does Giordano's (2009) assessment of the current literature on delinquency suggest about girls who are more vulnerable to negative peer influences?

(Essay)

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Question 17

Research and intervention approaches that treat delinquent females as a homogeneous group have done little to further our knowledge about delinquent females.

(True/False)

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Question 18

What is the concern described by a professional in the youth service field in Box 7.1?

(Essay)

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Question 19

________ is linked to power-control theory.

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 80

Since the introduction of the YCJA in 2003, there has been an undeniable decrease in charges, guilty findings, and custodial sentences for both boys and girls.

How did Steffensmeier et al. (2005) try to explain why the officially reported upward trend of girls' offending behaviour could not be replicated using unofficial longitudinal sources?

What is problematic about the way in which power-control theory treats victimization?

Researchers who advance biopsychosocial models of chronic antisocial and delinquent behaviour have shown that for both girls and boys biological pre-dispositions can be mediated positively or negatively in a child's life by ________.

Trauma Theory is one that is applied to understand the trauma faced by the family members of young offenders.

In Canada, Barron and Lacombe (2005) argue that recent public concern suggesting that girl violence is increasing is ________.

The most common sentence or disposition for girls, like boys, is probation.

Research on family influences on youth delinquency and crime shows that girls suffer the negative consequences of family conflict more than boys do.

What is compensatory practice?

Compensatory practices assume that girls require different but equal treatment.

How has the implementation of the YCJA contributed to net narrowing? How has net narrowing created conditions that allow serious criminal behaviour to be desirable?

Why are Canada's current youth justice practices especially problematic for Indigenous girls?

Intersectionality refers to a movement away from thinking categorically and toward thinking about the connections and crossroads between social facets.

In 2011-2012, Indigenous female youth represented ________ of all female youth sentenced to custody in Canada.

What did Cesare Lombroso argue as to why females became criminals?

The proportion of Indigenous female youth in sentenced custody compared to non-Indigenous female youth has increased since the introduction of the YCJA.

What does Giordano's (2009) assessment of the current literature on delinquency suggest about girls who are more vulnerable to negative peer influences?

Research and intervention approaches that treat delinquent females as a homogeneous group have done little to further our knowledge about delinquent females.

What is the concern described by a professional in the youth service field in Box 7.1?

________ is linked to power-control theory.

From Misguided Children to Criminal Youth: Exploring Historical and Contemporary Trends in Canadian Youth Justice

Measuring Youth Crime in Canada: An Elusive Challenge

Understanding the Youth Criminal Justice Act

The Youth Justice System in Action

Critical Challenges in Hearing the Voice of Youth in the Youth Justice System

Youth Deviance and the Media: Mapping Knowledge and the Limits to Certainty

Theoretical Perspectives on Youth Crime

Critical Criminology and Youth Justice in the Risk Society: Issues of Power and Justice

Issues of Substance Use and Related Crime in Adolescence

Indigenous Youth Crime in Canada

Racialized Youth Crime and Justice in Canada

Street-Involved Youth in Canada

Youth Involvement in Systems of Sex Work and Strategies of Intervention

Keeping Youth Out of Jail: Quebecs Experience

Juvenile Justice and Restorative Justice in British Columbia: Learning Through the Lens of Community Praxis

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