Question 1

List four characteristics on which research volunteers differ from non-volunteers.

Accepted Answer

1. Motivation: Research volunteers are t

Question 2

The functional component of external validity pertains primarily to the issue of

Accepted Answer

A)  setting boundary conditions. 
B)  ecological validity. 
C)  theoretical validity. 
D)  the use of acute manipulations. 
A)  setting boundary conditions. 
B)  ecological validity. 
C)  theoretical validity. 
D)  the use of acute manipulations.

Question 3

Explain how selection of a research sample can affect the generalizability of research.

Accepted Answer

The selection of a research sample can g

Question 4

People from _________ cultures focus on _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  individualistic; personal needs and goals. 
B)  collectivist; the self 
C)  individualistic; the needs of the group 
D)  collectivist; self-serving biases 
A)  individualistic; personal needs and goals. 
B)  collectivist; the self 
C)  individualistic; the needs of the group 
D)  collectivist; self-serving biases

Question 5

Explain why the debate about whether the results of laboratory research generalize to applied settings is unlikely to be resolved.

Accepted Answer

The debate about whether the results of

Question 6

Distinguish between chronic and acute manipulations of independent variables. Give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Chronic manipulations of independent var

Question 7

Which of the following statements about participant samples used in psychological research is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most psychological researchers use participant samples that are representative of their population of interest. 
B)  In general, people who volunteer to participate in psychological research are similar in their personal characteristics to non-volunteers. 
C)  Psychological research relies primarily on participants from North America and Western Europe. 
D)  If a study used college students as participants, the internal validity of that research is questionable. 
A)  Most psychological researchers use participant samples that are representative of their population of interest. 
B)  In general, people who volunteer to participate in psychological research are similar in their personal characteristics to non-volunteers. 
C)  Psychological research relies primarily on participants from North America and Western Europe. 
D)  If a study used college students as participants, the internal validity of that research is questionable.

Question 8

External validity is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  a characteristic of an individual study. 
B)  a characteristic of a set of findings. 
C)  an all-or-nothing decision. 
D)  an issue that is relevant only to applied researchers. 
A)  a characteristic of an individual study. 
B)  a characteristic of a set of findings. 
C)  an all-or-nothing decision. 
D)  an issue that is relevant only to applied researchers.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about external validity is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  External validity is best thought of as a characteristic of a set of findings or of a theory, not of an individual study. 
B)  The results of research conducted in field settings are, by their nature, more generalizable than the results of laboratory research. 
C)  It is not possible to empirically test the generalizability of a set of research findings. 
D)  The three aspects of external validity (structural, functional, and conceptual) are unrelated to one another. 
A)  External validity is best thought of as a characteristic of a set of findings or of a theory, not of an individual study. 
B)  The results of research conducted in field settings are, by their nature, more generalizable than the results of laboratory research. 
C)  It is not possible to empirically test the generalizability of a set of research findings. 
D)  The three aspects of external validity (structural, functional, and conceptual) are unrelated to one another.

Question 10

Explain why using multiple operational definitions of a dependent variable improves the generalizability of research results.

Accepted Answer

Using multiple operational definitions o

Question 11

Generally speaking, experts in research design recommend that ________ validity be given priority over other forms of validity when designing research.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  statistical conclusion 
D)  construct 
A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  statistical conclusion 
D)  construct

Question 12

Policy makers prefer research that

Accepted Answer

A)  relies primarily on estimator variables. 
B)  is low in utility. 
C)  uses independent variables that they can apply in their setting. 
D)  does any of the above 
A)  relies primarily on estimator variables. 
B)  is low in utility. 
C)  uses independent variables that they can apply in their setting. 
D)  does any of the above

Question 13

Which of the following statements about external validity is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  For research to be high on the conceptual component of external validity, it must be high on both the number of policy variables investigated and on the utility of the dependent variables. 
B)  Structural external validity guarantees functional and conceptual external validity. 
C)  If the results of a field study are the same as the results of a lab study, one can conclude that the same psychological processes were operating in both settings. 
D)  All of the above are true. 
A)  For research to be high on the conceptual component of external validity, it must be high on both the number of policy variables investigated and on the utility of the dependent variables. 
B)  Structural external validity guarantees functional and conceptual external validity. 
C)  If the results of a field study are the same as the results of a lab study, one can conclude that the same psychological processes were operating in both settings. 
D)  All of the above are true.

Question 14

The term external validity refers to the extent to which

Accepted Answer

A)  the characteristics of the research situation match the characteristics of the situation in which the results of the research will be applied. 
B)  the findings of a study represent general principles of behavior. 
C)  the conclusions drawn from the data analysis are correct. 
D)  confounds are absent from the research design. 
A)  the characteristics of the research situation match the characteristics of the situation in which the results of the research will be applied. 
B)  the findings of a study represent general principles of behavior. 
C)  the conclusions drawn from the data analysis are correct. 
D)  confounds are absent from the research design.

Question 15

The term _______ refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be replicated across variations in operational definitions, research settings, or research populations.

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological validity 
B)  theoretical validity 
C)  boundary conditions 
D)  generalizability 
A)  ecological validity 
B)  theoretical validity 
C)  boundary conditions 
D)  generalizability

Question 16

Explain the concept of "generalizing to." Is this concept generally more important to basic or to applied researchers? Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Generalizing to refers to the process of

Question 17

Ecological validity can best be thought of as a(n) ________ question.

Accepted Answer

A)  empirical 
B)  logical 
C)  meaningless 
D)  structural 
A)  empirical 
B)  logical 
C)  meaningless 
D)  structural

Question 18

Describe the characteristics of the most typical sample used in psychological research. What are the limitations of using this type of sample?

Accepted Answer

The most typical sample used in psycholo

Question 19

The term ________ refers to creating a research setting that is similar to the natural setting in which the behavior being studied occurs.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental realism 
B)  mundane realism 
C)  ecological realism 
D)  functional realism 
A)  experimental realism 
B)  mundane realism 
C)  ecological realism 
D)  functional realism

Question 20

Dr. López is the director of a long-term care facility. She reads about a laboratory study showing that a new treatment improved older adults' memory. Dr. López wonders whether the treatment would be effective for the residents in her facility. Which aspect of external validity is likely MOST important to her?

Accepted Answer

A)  generalizing to 
B)  generalizing across 
C)  conceptual external validity 
D)  boundary conditions of the tested theory 
A)  generalizing to 
B)  generalizing across 
C)  conceptual external validity 
D)  boundary conditions of the tested theory

List four characteristics on which research volunteers differ from non-volunteers.

The functional component of external validity pertains primarily to the issue of

Explain how selection of a research sample can affect the generalizability of research.

People from ___ cultures focus on _.

Explain why the debate about whether the results of laboratory research generalize to applied settings is unlikely to be resolved.

Distinguish between chronic and acute manipulations of independent variables. Give an example of each.

Which of the following statements about participant samples used in psychological research is TRUE?

External validity is best described as

Which of the following statements about external validity is TRUE?

Explain why using multiple operational definitions of a dependent variable improves the generalizability of research results.

Generally speaking, experts in research design recommend that ________ validity be given priority over other forms of validity when designing research.

Policy makers prefer research that

Which of the following statements about external validity is/are TRUE?

The term external validity refers to the extent to which

The term _______ refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be replicated across variations in operational definitions, research settings, or research populations.

Explain the concept of "generalizing to." Is this concept generally more important to basic or to applied researchers? Explain your reasoning.

Ecological validity can best be thought of as a(n) ________ question.

Describe the characteristics of the most typical sample used in psychological research. What are the limitations of using this type of sample?

The term ________ refers to creating a research setting that is similar to the natural setting in which the behavior being studied occurs.

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

Exam 8: The External Validity of Research

List four characteristics on which research volunteers differ from non-volunteers.

The functional component of external validity pertains primarily to the issue of

Explain how selection of a research sample can affect the generalizability of research.

People from _________ cultures focus on _______.

Explain why the debate about whether the results of laboratory research generalize to applied settings is unlikely to be resolved.

Distinguish between chronic and acute manipulations of independent variables. Give an example of each.

Which of the following statements about participant samples used in psychological research is TRUE?

External validity is best described as

Which of the following statements about external validity is TRUE?

Explain why using multiple operational definitions of a dependent variable improves the generalizability of research results.

Generally speaking, experts in research design recommend that ________ validity be given priority over other forms of validity when designing research.

Policy makers prefer research that

Which of the following statements about external validity is/are TRUE?

The term external validity refers to the extent to which

The term _______ refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be replicated across variations in operational definitions, research settings, or research populations.

Explain the concept of "generalizing to." Is this concept generally more important to basic or to applied researchers? Explain your reasoning.

Ecological validity can best be thought of as a(n) ________ question.

Describe the characteristics of the most typical sample used in psychological research. What are the limitations of using this type of sample?

The term ________ refers to creating a research setting that is similar to the natural setting in which the behavior being studied occurs.

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

People from ___ cultures focus on _.