Question 1

Describe a single-case study that uses high quality measurement.

Accepted Answer

A single-case study that uses high quality measurement could involve a detailed analysis of a specific individual's response to a particular intervention or treatment. For example, a researcher might use a rigorous and reliable measurement tool, such as a standardized psychological assessment, to track changes in the individual's symptoms or behavior over time. This could involve collecting data at multiple time points before, during, and after the intervention, allowing for a thorough and accurate assessment of its effectiveness. Additionally, the researcher could also use qualitative measures, such as interviews or observations, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the individual's experience. By using high quality measurement tools and methods, the researcher can ensure that the findings from the single-case study are valid and reliable, and can contribute valuable insights to the field.

Question 2

Distinguish between and A-B and A-B-A single-case experimental designs. What factors affect which design is used in a single-case experiment?

Accepted Answer

The A-B and A-B-A single-case experimental designs are both used in single-case experiments to evaluate the effects of an intervention on an individual's behavior.

In the A-B design, the baseline (A) is measured first, followed by the introduction of the intervention (B), and then the effects of the intervention are measured. This design is useful for establishing a causal relationship between the intervention and the change in behavior.

In the A-B-A design, the baseline (A) is measured, followed by the introduction of the intervention (B), then the intervention is withdrawn to return to baseline (A), and finally, the intervention is reintroduced (A). This design allows for the demonstration of the reversibility of the intervention's effects and provides stronger evidence for the effectiveness of the intervention.

The choice of which design to use in a single-case experiment depends on several factors, including the nature of the behavior being studied, the feasibility of withdrawing the intervention, and ethical considerations. For example, if the behavior is stable and the intervention cannot be withdrawn, the A-B design may be more appropriate. On the other hand, if the behavior is expected to change with the introduction and withdrawal of the intervention, the A-B-A design may be more suitable.

Additionally, the availability of resources and the practicality of implementing the design may also influence the choice. Overall, the decision of which design to use in a single-case experiment should be based on careful consideration of these factors to ensure the most valid and reliable results.

Question 3

Of the following, a single-case experiment is MOST similar to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  between-subjects experimental design. 
B)  within-subjects experimental design. 
C)  independent groups quasi-experimental design. 
D)  patched-up quasi-experimental design. 
A)  between-subjects experimental design. 
B)  within-subjects experimental design. 
C)  independent groups quasi-experimental design. 
D)  patched-up quasi-experimental design. B

Question 4

This design is used when researchers expect gradual change across increasingly stringent standards.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple baseline 
B)  reversal 
C)  changing criterion 
D)  simultaneous treatments 
A)  multiple baseline 
B)  reversal 
C)  changing criterion 
D)  simultaneous treatments

Question 5

What is the purpose of establishing a baseline period in a single-case experiment? What are the characteristics of a stable baseline?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of establishing a baseline p

Question 6

What is a simultaneous treatments single-case experimental design? What threats to the internal validity of a single-case experiment can be addressed by using this design?

Accepted Answer

A simultaneous treatments single-case ex

Question 7

Which of the following statements about case studies is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is important to look for evidence that might disconfirm the hypothesis as well as evidence that might support it. 
B)  Control cases that differ markedly from the test case enhance the external validity of the study. 
C)  To maintain naturalism one should avoid using objective measures as much as possible. 
D)  One should ignore any information that arises that is not part of the data collection plan. 
A)  It is important to look for evidence that might disconfirm the hypothesis as well as evidence that might support it. 
B)  Control cases that differ markedly from the test case enhance the external validity of the study. 
C)  To maintain naturalism one should avoid using objective measures as much as possible. 
D)  One should ignore any information that arises that is not part of the data collection plan.

Question 8

Case study research is sometimes viewed as too uncontrolled. Which of the following steps could one take to address concerns about its internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  carefully chose the case you want to study 
B)  be confident in your own judgment and downplay other's input 
C)  include a control case 
D)  test only exploratory hypotheses 
A)  carefully chose the case you want to study 
B)  be confident in your own judgment and downplay other's input 
C)  include a control case 
D)  test only exploratory hypotheses

Question 9

When designing case study research, one should

Accepted Answer

A)  look for situations that allow for continuous assessment and provide multiple sources of information as a way of enhancing internal validity. 
B)  avoid manipulating an independent variable to minimizing experimenter effects. 
C)  try to find replication cases that are as similar as possible to the test case as a way of maximizing homogeneity. 
D)  try to find control cases that differ from the test case as a way of maximizing heterogeneity. 
A)  look for situations that allow for continuous assessment and provide multiple sources of information as a way of enhancing internal validity. 
B)  avoid manipulating an independent variable to minimizing experimenter effects. 
C)  try to find replication cases that are as similar as possible to the test case as a way of maximizing homogeneity. 
D)  try to find control cases that differ from the test case as a way of maximizing heterogeneity.

Question 10

Compare and contrast the group comparison approach and the single-case approach to research.

Accepted Answer

The group comparison approach and the si

Question 11

Distinguish between the descriptive, explanatory, and effectiveness purposes of case study research.

Accepted Answer

Case study research serves different pur

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the analysis of data from single case experiments is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inferential statistics are not available to test hypotheses. 
B)  Visual data analysis can show either the presence or the absence of an effect. 
C)  Researchers always provide graphs of their data in their reports. 
D)  The results of visual analyses can be confirmed by effect size estimation. 
A)  Inferential statistics are not available to test hypotheses. 
B)  Visual data analysis can show either the presence or the absence of an effect. 
C)  Researchers always provide graphs of their data in their reports. 
D)  The results of visual analyses can be confirmed by effect size estimation.

Question 13

Describe how bias can affect the interpretation of qualitative data in single case research. How can researchers address possible bias?

Accepted Answer

Bias can significantly affect the interp

Question 14

Describe the general research design used for single-case experiments.

Accepted Answer

Single-case experiments typically use a

Question 15

How does the case of H.M. (who lost the ability to form new memories after brain surgery) illustrate the advantages of case study research?

Accepted Answer

The case of H.M., also known as Henry Mo

Question 16

In a single case experiment, this type of pattern indicates the strength or weakness of a behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  structure 
B)  consequences 
C)  processes 
D)  magnitude 
A)  structure 
B)  consequences 
C)  processes 
D)  magnitude

Question 17

In single case research, time series analysis refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  starting with a theory and seeing if the data support predictions made by the theory. 
B)  examining a graph of the data to decide if the treatment had an effect on the dependent variable. 
C)  examining the data to find patterns that emerge from them; these patterns then suggest hypotheses that explain the process being studied. 
D)  conducting statistical analyses to determine if the pattern of the dependent variable changed after the introduction of the treatment. 
A)  starting with a theory and seeing if the data support predictions made by the theory. 
B)  examining a graph of the data to decide if the treatment had an effect on the dependent variable. 
C)  examining the data to find patterns that emerge from them; these patterns then suggest hypotheses that explain the process being studied. 
D)  conducting statistical analyses to determine if the pattern of the dependent variable changed after the introduction of the treatment.

Question 18

Describe two weaknesses of a changing criterion single-case experimental design.

Accepted Answer

Two weaknesses of a changing criterion s

Question 19

Briefly describe the history of single-case research in psychology.

Accepted Answer

Single-case research in psychology has a

Question 20

Define unit of analysis for case study research and explain how researchers can determine the unit that is most appropriate for their study.

Accepted Answer

The unit of analysis in case study resea

Describe a single-case study that uses high quality measurement.

Distinguish between and A-B and A-B-A single-case experimental designs. What factors affect which design is used in a single-case experiment?

Of the following, a single-case experiment is MOST similar to a(n)

This design is used when researchers expect gradual change across increasingly stringent standards.

What is the purpose of establishing a baseline period in a single-case experiment? What are the characteristics of a stable baseline?

What is a simultaneous treatments single-case experimental design? What threats to the internal validity of a single-case experiment can be addressed by using this design?

Which of the following statements about case studies is TRUE?

Case study research is sometimes viewed as too uncontrolled. Which of the following steps could one take to address concerns about its internal validity?

When designing case study research, one should

Compare and contrast the group comparison approach and the single-case approach to research.

Distinguish between the descriptive, explanatory, and effectiveness purposes of case study research.

Which of the following statements about the analysis of data from single case experiments is FALSE?

Describe how bias can affect the interpretation of qualitative data in single case research. How can researchers address possible bias?

Describe the general research design used for single-case experiments.

How does the case of H.M. (who lost the ability to form new memories after brain surgery) illustrate the advantages of case study research?

In a single case experiment, this type of pattern indicates the strength or weakness of a behavior.

In single case research, time series analysis refers to

Describe two weaknesses of a changing criterion single-case experimental design.

Briefly describe the history of single-case research in psychology.

Define unit of analysis for case study research and explain how researchers can determine the unit that is most appropriate for their study.

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

Exam 13: The Single-Case Research Strategy

Describe a single-case study that uses high quality measurement.

Distinguish between and A-B and A-B-A single-case experimental designs. What factors affect which design is used in a single-case experiment?

Of the following, a single-case experiment is MOST similar to a(n)

This design is used when researchers expect gradual change across increasingly stringent standards.

What is the purpose of establishing a baseline period in a single-case experiment? What are the characteristics of a stable baseline?

What is a simultaneous treatments single-case experimental design? What threats to the internal validity of a single-case experiment can be addressed by using this design?

Which of the following statements about case studies is TRUE?

Case study research is sometimes viewed as too uncontrolled. Which of the following steps could one take to address concerns about its internal validity?

When designing case study research, one should

Compare and contrast the group comparison approach and the single-case approach to research.

Distinguish between the descriptive, explanatory, and effectiveness purposes of case study research.

Which of the following statements about the analysis of data from single case experiments is FALSE?

Describe how bias can affect the interpretation of qualitative data in single case research. How can researchers address possible bias?

Describe the general research design used for single-case experiments.

How does the case of H.M. (who lost the ability to form new memories after brain surgery) illustrate the advantages of case study research?

In a single case experiment, this type of pattern indicates the strength or weakness of a behavior.

In single case research, time series analysis refers to

Describe two weaknesses of a changing criterion single-case experimental design.

Briefly describe the history of single-case research in psychology.

Define unit of analysis for case study research and explain how researchers can determine the unit that is most appropriate for their study.

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters