Question 1

One of the criteria of causality is time precedence of the cause and effect. The experimental research strategy meets this criterion

Accepted Answer

A)  through manipulation of the independent variable before measuring the dependent variable. 
B)  by holding variables other than the independent variable constant. 
C)  when it finds an effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. 
D)  through reliable measurement of the dependent variable. 
A)  through manipulation of the independent variable before measuring the dependent variable. 
B)  by holding variables other than the independent variable constant. 
C)  when it finds an effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. 
D)  through reliable measurement of the dependent variable.

Question 2

To maximize confidence in the results of their research, researchers should

Accepted Answer

A)  only conduct experiments. 
B)  only conduct research in natural settings. 
C)  avoid using college students as research participants. 
D)  conduct multiple tests of hypotheses using different research strategies, settings, and populations. 
A)  only conduct experiments. 
B)  only conduct research in natural settings. 
C)  avoid using college students as research participants. 
D)  conduct multiple tests of hypotheses using different research strategies, settings, and populations.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about basic and applied research is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theory plays no role in applied research. 
B)  Basic research can often provide information about social problems. 
C)  Basic research is conducted only in laboratory settings. 
D)  Applied research tends to be broad in scope, focusing on general principles of behavior. 
A)  Theory plays no role in applied research. 
B)  Basic research can often provide information about social problems. 
C)  Basic research is conducted only in laboratory settings. 
D)  Applied research tends to be broad in scope, focusing on general principles of behavior.

Question 4

The correlational research strategy can be used when the experimental strategy cannot. This is, because the correlational strategy can be used to study

Accepted Answer

A)  variables, such as personality, that cannot be manipulated. 
B)  variables, such as extreme stress, that it would be unethical to manipulate. 
C)  both a and b. 
D)  neither a nor b. 
A)  variables, such as personality, that cannot be manipulated. 
B)  variables, such as extreme stress, that it would be unethical to manipulate. 
C)  both a and b. 
D)  neither a nor b.

Question 5

What is a convenience sample? What impact does using this type of sample have on the generalizability of a study's results?

Accepted Answer

A convenience sample is a type of non-pr

Question 6

Distinguish between the nomothetic and idiographic approaches to the study of human behavior.

Accepted Answer

The nomothetic approach to the study of

Question 7

Compared to qualitative researchers, QUANTITATIVE researchers are more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  try to maximize external validity. 
B)  focus on understanding how people experience and interpret events in their lives. 
C)  study behavior outside of its natural context. 
D)  view the researcher's experience as part of the data for a study. 
A)  try to maximize external validity. 
B)  focus on understanding how people experience and interpret events in their lives. 
C)  study behavior outside of its natural context. 
D)  view the researcher's experience as part of the data for a study.

Question 8

________ research investigates age differences in phenomena by starting to collect data from an additional group of participants every time an assessment is made.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Longitudinal 
C)  Cohort-sequential 
D)  Prospective 
A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Longitudinal 
C)  Cohort-sequential 
D)  Prospective

Question 9

List two advantages and two disadvantages of the correlational research strategy.

Accepted Answer

Advantages of correlational research str

Question 10

A researcher presents children in the 1st, 5th, and 9th grades with moral dilemmas and uses a valid system to determine their level of moral development. The researcher collects all of his data during September of this year and examines differences in mean level of moral development across grade level. This researcher is using the ________ approach to developmental research.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  cohort-sequential 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  prospective 
A)  longitudinal 
B)  cohort-sequential 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  prospective

Question 11

Why is the correlational research strategy sometimes referred to as the passive research strategy?

Accepted Answer

The correlational research strategy is s

Question 12

Dr. Graham discovers that an event external to her research might be affecting her result. What is this event called and how might it affect the conclusions she can draw?

Accepted Answer

The event that Dr. Graham discovers whic

Question 13

Professor Radetzky found a significant positive correlation between the amount of violent television programming children watch and how aggressive the children are. He concludes that watching violent television programming causes children to become aggressive. The problem with Professor Radetzky's conclusion is that

Accepted Answer

A)  causality might go the other way: being aggressive might dispose children to watch violent television programming. 
B)  there might be a third variable-such as how the children's parents' behave-that might be a cause of both the amount of violent television programming the children watch and how aggressive they are. 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b; that is, there is no problem with Professor Radetzky's conclusion. 
A)  causality might go the other way: being aggressive might dispose children to watch violent television programming. 
B)  there might be a third variable-such as how the children's parents' behave-that might be a cause of both the amount of violent television programming the children watch and how aggressive they are. 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b; that is, there is no problem with Professor Radetzky's conclusion.

Question 14

List two advantages and two disadvantages of the experimental research strategy.

Accepted Answer

Two advantages of the experimental resea

Question 15

Compared to quantitative researchers, QUALITATIVE researchers are more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  study behavior as it naturally occurs. 
B)  focus on identifying cause-and-effect relationships among variables. 
C)  try to maximize internal validity. 
D)  focus on the average behavior of people in a population. 
A)  study behavior as it naturally occurs. 
B)  focus on identifying cause-and-effect relationships among variables. 
C)  try to maximize internal validity. 
D)  focus on the average behavior of people in a population.

Question 16

A strong mixed method design can be created by

Accepted Answer

A)  adding one or two qualitative questions to a quantitative design. 
B)  getting input from the people who are most affected by the question of interest. 
C)  ensuring that neither of the approaches used has easily identifiable weaknesses. 
D)  looking for two research strategies that will produce divergent findings. 
A)  adding one or two qualitative questions to a quantitative design. 
B)  getting input from the people who are most affected by the question of interest. 
C)  ensuring that neither of the approaches used has easily identifiable weaknesses. 
D)  looking for two research strategies that will produce divergent findings.

Question 17

Researchers who use the _________ approach try to formulate general principles of behavior that will apply to most people most of the time.

Accepted Answer

A)  idiographic 
B)  cohort-sequential 
C)  nomothetic 
D)  actuarial prediction 
A)  idiographic 
B)  cohort-sequential 
C)  nomothetic 
D)  actuarial prediction

Question 18

Compared to basic research, applied research is more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  be narrow in scope. 
B)  be conducted in natural settings. 
C)  use non-experimental research methods 
D)  do all of the above 
A)  be narrow in scope. 
B)  be conducted in natural settings. 
C)  use non-experimental research methods 
D)  do all of the above

Question 19

Explain how action research blends the role of the scientist and the role of the activist.

Accepted Answer

Action research blends the role of the s

Question 20

________ effects are events external to the study that are related to the study's topic that might affect the behavior of study participants.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cohort 
B)  Attrition 
C)  History 
D)  Reactivity 
A)  Cohort 
B)  Attrition 
C)  History 
D)  Reactivity

One of the criteria of causality is time precedence of the cause and effect. The experimental research strategy meets this criterion

To maximize confidence in the results of their research, researchers should

Which of the following statements about basic and applied research is TRUE?

The correlational research strategy can be used when the experimental strategy cannot. This is, because the correlational strategy can be used to study

What is a convenience sample? What impact does using this type of sample have on the generalizability of a study's results?

Distinguish between the nomothetic and idiographic approaches to the study of human behavior.

Compared to qualitative researchers, QUANTITATIVE researchers are more likely to

________ research investigates age differences in phenomena by starting to collect data from an additional group of participants every time an assessment is made.

List two advantages and two disadvantages of the correlational research strategy.

Why is the correlational research strategy sometimes referred to as the passive research strategy?

Dr. Graham discovers that an event external to her research might be affecting her result. What is this event called and how might it affect the conclusions she can draw?

List two advantages and two disadvantages of the experimental research strategy.

Compared to quantitative researchers, QUALITATIVE researchers are more likely to

A strong mixed method design can be created by

Researchers who use the _________ approach try to formulate general principles of behavior that will apply to most people most of the time.

Compared to basic research, applied research is more likely to

Explain how action research blends the role of the scientist and the role of the activist.

________ effects are events external to the study that are related to the study's topic that might affect the behavior of study participants.

Behavioral Science

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

Exam 2: Research Strategies: an Overview

One of the criteria of causality is time precedence of the cause and effect. The experimental research strategy meets this criterion

To maximize confidence in the results of their research, researchers should

Which of the following statements about basic and applied research is TRUE?

The correlational research strategy can be used when the experimental strategy cannot. This is, because the correlational strategy can be used to study

What is a convenience sample? What impact does using this type of sample have on the generalizability of a study's results?

Distinguish between the nomothetic and idiographic approaches to the study of human behavior.

Compared to qualitative researchers, QUANTITATIVE researchers are more likely to

________ research investigates age differences in phenomena by starting to collect data from an additional group of participants every time an assessment is made.

List two advantages and two disadvantages of the correlational research strategy.

Why is the correlational research strategy sometimes referred to as the passive research strategy?

Dr. Graham discovers that an event external to her research might be affecting her result. What is this event called and how might it affect the conclusions she can draw?

List two advantages and two disadvantages of the experimental research strategy.

Compared to quantitative researchers, QUALITATIVE researchers are more likely to

A strong mixed method design can be created by

Researchers who use the _________ approach try to formulate general principles of behavior that will apply to most people most of the time.

Compared to basic research, applied research is more likely to

Explain how action research blends the role of the scientist and the role of the activist.

________ effects are events external to the study that are related to the study's topic that might affect the behavior of study participants.

Behavioral Science

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters