Exam 10: Quasi-Experimental Approaches to Outcome Evaluation
Suppose that the North Dakota state legislature raised the high school requirements for mathematics in an effort to assure their citizens had a better chance to gain admission to more selective colleges. Further suppose that the legislature of South Dakota adopted the identical requirement two years later. Explain which quasi-experimental design you would use to evaluate the outcomes of the changes in standards. What negative side effects might be observed among high school students?
The quasi-experimental design that could be used to evaluate the outcomes of the changes in standards would be a nonequivalent control group design. In this design, researchers would compare the academic performance and college admission rates of high school students in North Dakota (the treatment group) with those in South Dakota (the control group) before and after the implementation of the higher mathematics requirements.
One potential negative side effect that might be observed among high school students is increased stress and anxiety. The higher mathematics requirements could lead to added pressure on students to perform well in these courses in order to meet the new standards for college admission. This could result in higher levels of stress, anxiety, and even burnout among students as they strive to meet the new academic expectations. Additionally, there may be an increase in dropout rates as some students may struggle to meet the new requirements and feel discouraged from continuing their education. It is important for policymakers and educators to consider these potential negative side effects and provide support and resources to help students cope with the increased academic demands.
If the program participants in a non-equivalent control group design are chosen for a program because they are extremely needy, it is likely that a
A
When a group similar to the program group is available, a good quasi-experimental evaluation design is a
B
An especially strong quasi-experimental design combines the features of
Work or school absenteeism is a particularly good outcome variable because
To show that a program had an effect on an outcome variable, it is necessary to
Using two time series with interventions delivered at different times
If one selects the poorest readers from an elementary school class using a standard reading test and then places them in an ineffective reading program, retesting will likely show an improvement in scores due to
In the graph below, all preintervention observations are less favorable than the post interventions observations; 

Suppose that a hospital made an effort to improve the meals served to patients. How could a control construct design be used to learn if patients liked the meals better than before the change?
What would be some appropriate comparison groups for a quasi-experimental evaluation of a change in a probation law? A change in the requirements for a college major? A review course for the Graduate Record Examination?
A most crucial concern in selecting additional dependent variables to compare to an outcome variable of interest is to be sure that these additional variables will
The ways in which evaluators expand on the pretest/posttest design in order to control for threats to internal validity include the following EXCEPT for
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