Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between pH and hydrogen ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH and hydrogen ions are equivalent. 
B)  pH and hydrogen ions are directly proportional. 
C)  pH and hydrogen ions are inversely proportional. 
D)  pH is always 100 times more than the number of hydrogen ions. 
E)  pH and hydrogen ions are independent and unrelated. 
A)  pH and hydrogen ions are equivalent. 
B)  pH and hydrogen ions are directly proportional. 
C)  pH and hydrogen ions are inversely proportional. 
D)  pH is always 100 times more than the number of hydrogen ions. 
E)  pH and hydrogen ions are independent and unrelated. C

Question 2

A typical blood concentration of glucose is 100 mg/dL.The molecular weight of glucose is approximately 180 Daltons.What is the molarity of this solution in millimoles?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 
B)  10 
C)  0.56 
D)  18 
E)  5.6 
A)  100 
B)  10 
C)  0.56 
D)  18 
E)  5.6 E

Question 3

The term polar is used to describe molecules because

Accepted Answer

A)  polar covalent molecules are found in colder climates. 
B)  polar covalent molecules were first discovered in polar bears. 
C)  there are at least two distinct ends of the molecule regarding electron position and the resulting charge. 
D)  there are at least two distinct ends of the molecule regarding hydrogen placement. 
E)  such molecules are always linear in shape. 
A)  polar covalent molecules are found in colder climates. 
B)  polar covalent molecules were first discovered in polar bears. 
C)  there are at least two distinct ends of the molecule regarding electron position and the resulting charge. 
D)  there are at least two distinct ends of the molecule regarding hydrogen placement. 
E)  such molecules are always linear in shape. C

Question 4

During intense exercise our muscles produce lactate and hydrogen ions.Which of the following molecules would be affected by the accumulation of hydrogen ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  cholesterol in the plasma membrane 
B)  glucose molecules in the adipose tissue 
C)  DNA in the nucleus 
D)  the proteins actin and myosin 
E)  phospholipids in the membrane 
A)  cholesterol in the plasma membrane 
B)  glucose molecules in the adipose tissue 
C)  DNA in the nucleus 
D)  the proteins actin and myosin 
E)  phospholipids in the membrane

Question 5

The ________ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, expressed in moles per liter of solution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ of a solution is the...

Question 6

Cells regulate their level of activity by regulating the amount of proteins present in the cell at any given time, so an up regulation of enzymes would be expected to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the cell's response that is produced by the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. 
B)  decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them. 
C)  have no effect on the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes. 
D)  decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes. 
E)  both decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them and decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes. 
A)  increase the cell's response that is produced by the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. 
B)  decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them. 
C)  have no effect on the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes. 
D)  decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes. 
E)  both decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them and decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes.

Question 7

This particle has a charge of +1 and a mass of 1.

Accepted Answer

A)  proton 
B)  neutron 
C)  electron 
D)  molecular oxygen 
E)  sodium chloride 
A)  proton 
B)  neutron 
C)  electron 
D)  molecular oxygen 
E)  sodium chloride

Question 8

Most of the lipid found in the human body is in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  steroids. 
B)  phospholipids. 
C)  triglycerides. 
D)  prostaglandins. 
E)  monoglycerides. 
A)  steroids. 
B)  phospholipids. 
C)  triglycerides. 
D)  prostaglandins. 
E)  monoglycerides.

Question 9

A.Distinguish between the mass of a molecule and the mass of a mole, using NaCl in your example.
B.Calculate the mass of a mole of NaCl in g, using the mass of one Da (amu).
C.Calculate the mass of a dozen NaCl molecules, a dozen donuts, and a mole of donuts, assuming a 30 gram donut.

Accepted Answer

A.The mass of a molecule is determined b

Question 10

Which of the following biological molecules does glycogen belong to?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates 
B)  lipids 
C)  proteins 
D)  nucleotides 
E)  lipids and proteins 
A)  carbohydrates 
B)  lipids 
C)  proteins 
D)  nucleotides 
E)  lipids and proteins

Question 11

You are a student intern in the research and development department of a pharmaceutical company.You have discovered a compound that destroys the common cold virus in cultured human cells.Chemical characterization reveals that carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are present, in a 20:40:4 ratio of C:H:O.Which chemical class is this compound? Experiments in rats show that neither oral nor injectable treatment with the compound was effective in destroying the virus.Discuss some possible reasons for this lack of effectiveness.

Accepted Answer

The relatively low amount of oxygen and

Question 12

These result when the carbon atoms in phospholipids share a pair of electrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  a Van der Waals attraction 
B)  an ionic bond 
C)  a hydrogen bond 
D)  a covalent bond 
E)  a potassium bond 
A)  a Van der Waals attraction 
B)  an ionic bond 
C)  a hydrogen bond 
D)  a covalent bond 
E)  a potassium bond

Question 13

Each amino acid differs from others in the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of central carbon atoms. 
B)  size of the amino group. 
C)  number of carboxyl groups. 
D)  chemical structure of the R group. 
E)  number of peptide bonds in the molecule. 
A)  number of central carbon atoms. 
B)  size of the amino group. 
C)  number of carboxyl groups. 
D)  chemical structure of the R group. 
E)  number of peptide bonds in the molecule.

Question 14

Essential amino acids that are used to build proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  exist in twenty six different configurations. 
B)  are linked together by ionic chemical bonds in proteins. 
C)  can be used medically for both diagnosis and treatment of diseases. 
D)  are derived from the foods we eat and digest. 
E)  can only be made by cells within our bodies. 
A)  exist in twenty six different configurations. 
B)  are linked together by ionic chemical bonds in proteins. 
C)  can be used medically for both diagnosis and treatment of diseases. 
D)  are derived from the foods we eat and digest. 
E)  can only be made by cells within our bodies.

Question 15

Stanley is confused on the similarities and differences between proteins and nucleic acids.Assuming he has learned and understood the basic chemistry, what is the likely source of his confusion? To help him sort this out, make a table or flow chart to explain the structure of these molecules and their relationship to each other.

Accepted Answer

His confusion probably stems from the fa

Question 16

This particle has a charge of -1 and a negligible mass.

Accepted Answer

A)  proton 
B)  neutron 
C)  electron 
D)  hydrogen 
E)  magnesium 
A)  proton 
B)  neutron 
C)  electron 
D)  hydrogen 
E)  magnesium

Question 17

A fatty acid that contains three double bonds in its carbon chain is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  saturated. 
B)  monounsaturated. 
C)  polyunsaturated. 
D)  hydrogenated. 
E)  carboxylated. 
A)  saturated. 
B)  monounsaturated. 
C)  polyunsaturated. 
D)  hydrogenated. 
E)  carboxylated.

Question 18

Electrons travel around the center of the atom at high speed forming a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  atom. 
B)  molecule. 
C)  element. 
D)  nucleus. 
E)  shell. 
A)  atom. 
B)  molecule. 
C)  element. 
D)  nucleus. 
E)  shell.

Question 19

Two methods of protein activation include ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  exergonic, endogonic 
B)  enzymatic, glycolytic 
C)  homeostatic, osmotic 
D)  mechanistic, covalent bonding 
E)  proteolytic, cofactor binding 
A)  exergonic, endogonic 
B)  enzymatic, glycolytic 
C)  homeostatic, osmotic 
D)  mechanistic, covalent bonding 
E)  proteolytic, cofactor binding

Question 20

Which bases below are purines?
1)adenine
2)cytosine
3)guanine
4)thymine
5)uracil

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 
B)  2 and 3 
C)  1, 3, and 5 
D)  1 and 3 
E)  2, 4, and 5 
A)  1 and 2 
B)  2 and 3 
C)  1, 3, and 5 
D)  1 and 3 
E)  2, 4, and 5

Exam 2: Molecular Interactions

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between pH and hydrogen ions?

A typical blood concentration of glucose is 100 mg/dL.The molecular weight of glucose is approximately 180 Daltons.What is the molarity of this solution in millimoles?

The term polar is used to describe molecules because

During intense exercise our muscles produce lactate and hydrogen ions.Which of the following molecules would be affected by the accumulation of hydrogen ions?

The ________ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, expressed in moles per liter of solution.

Cells regulate their level of activity by regulating the amount of proteins present in the cell at any given time, so an up regulation of enzymes would be expected to

This particle has a charge of +1 and a mass of 1.

Most of the lipid found in the human body is in the form of

A.Distinguish between the mass of a molecule and the mass of a mole, using NaCl in your example. B.Calculate the mass of a mole of NaCl in g, using the mass of one Da (amu). C.Calculate the mass of a dozen NaCl molecules, a dozen donuts, and a mole of donuts, assuming a 30 gram donut.

Which of the following biological molecules does glycogen belong to?

These result when the carbon atoms in phospholipids share a pair of electrons.

Each amino acid differs from others in the

Essential amino acids that are used to build proteins

This particle has a charge of -1 and a negligible mass.

A fatty acid that contains three double bonds in its carbon chain is said to be

Electrons travel around the center of the atom at high speed forming a(n)

Two methods of protein activation include ________ and ________.

Which bases below are purines? 1)adenine 2)cytosine 3)guanine 4)thymine 5)uracil

Introduction to Physiology

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

Two methods of protein activation include and .