Question 1

Which of the following could describe the function of 11 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

A)  An enzyme located in renal tubules that acts on cortisol. 
B)  It converts cortisol to a less active form. 
C)  It aids in preventing crossover effects from cortisol. 
D)  It converts cortisol to a form with a lower specificity for mineralocorticoid receptors there. 
E)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  An enzyme located in renal tubules that acts on cortisol. 
B)  It converts cortisol to a less active form. 
C)  It aids in preventing crossover effects from cortisol. 
D)  It converts cortisol to a form with a lower specificity for mineralocorticoid receptors there. 
E)  All of these answers are correct. E

Question 2

Billy has been serving in a noncombat position in the army for two years and has just been informed that he is leaving on a combat mission tomorrow.Billy is feeling very stressed.How has his endocrine system responded to this bad news? Which hormones are involved, and what effects do they have?

Accepted Answer

Increased cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex is stimulated via corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).Cortisol generally has catabolic effects, to protect against hypoglycemia.These effects include gluconeogenesis in the liver, breakdown of skeletal muscle proteins, enhanced lipolysis, immune suppression, and bone loss.Additionally, this discouraging news may be accompanied by a fight-or-flight reaction, in which increased sympathetic activity will result in increased heart and respiratory rates, increased perfusion of skeletal musculature, and decreased digestive activity.

Question 3

Match the disease with the description.
-associated with overactive osteoclasts

Accepted Answer

A) Addison's disease 
B) Cushing's disease 
C) Graves' disease 
D) Paget's disease 
A) Addison's disease 
B) Cushing's disease 
C) Graves' disease 
D) Paget's disease D

Question 4

Carl is suffering from hypothyroidism.How could his physician determine if his symptoms result from problems at the level of the hypothalamus and pituitary or at the level of the gland itself?

Accepted Answer

The physician could order blood tests to

Question 5

Name four physiological functions of calcium.

Accepted Answer

1.signal molecule
2.part of in

Question 6

Rani has read how important Ca²⁺ ions are to muscle contraction and neuron function.Rani, age 25, hates milk and most dairy products, and doesn't think she eats many foods that are sources of calcium, nor does she take supplements.Why don't Rani's muscles and nerves show problems related to calcium deficiency? What problems might Rani encounter later in life if she continues this lifestyle?

Accepted Answer

Rani's skeleton contains enough Ca²⁺ to,

Question 7

Match the condition with its description.
-puffy appearance associated with hypothyroidism

Accepted Answer

A) giantism 
B) kyphosis 
C) moon face 
D) myxedema 
E) goiter 
A) giantism 
B) kyphosis 
C) moon face 
D) myxedema 
E) goiter

Question 8

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the...

Question 9

Premature closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  high levels of vitamin D₃. 
B)  too much calcium in the diet. 
C)  elevated levels of sex hormones. 
D)  too little thyroxine. 
E)  an excess of growth hormone. 
A)  high levels of vitamin D₃. 
B)  too much calcium in the diet. 
C)  elevated levels of sex hormones. 
D)  too little thyroxine. 
E)  an excess of growth hormone.

Question 10

Match the disease with the description.
-may be an autoimmune disease

Accepted Answer

A) Addison's disease 
B) Cushing's disease 
C) Graves' disease 
D) Paget's disease 
A) Addison's disease 
B) Cushing's disease 
C) Graves' disease 
D) Paget's disease

Question 11

Match the disease with the description.
-Some symptoms mimic diabetes mellitus.

Accepted Answer

A) Addison's disease 
B) Cushing's disease 
C) Graves' disease 
D) Paget's disease 
A) Addison's disease 
B) Cushing's disease 
C) Graves' disease 
D) Paget's disease

Question 12

Match the condition with the description.
-caused by growth hormone excess in adulthood

Accepted Answer

A) acromegaly 
B) adrenogenital syndrome 
C) cretinism 
D) dwarfism 
E) exophthalmus 
A) acromegaly 
B) adrenogenital syndrome 
C) cretinism 
D) dwarfism 
E) exophthalmus

Question 13

Thyroid hormones

Accepted Answer

A)  are lipophilic. 
B)  are hydrophilic. 
C)  must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells. 
D)  are lipophilic and must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells. 
E)  are hydrophilic and must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells. 
A)  are lipophilic. 
B)  are hydrophilic. 
C)  must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells. 
D)  are lipophilic and must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells. 
E)  are hydrophilic and must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells.

Question 14

Iodine accumulation in thyroid cells involves symport with

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  chloride. 
A)  hydrogen. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  chloride.

Question 15

Match the condition with the description.
-mental retardation associated with infantile hypothyroidism

Accepted Answer

A) acromegaly 
B) adrenogenital syndrome 
C) cretinism 
D) dwarfism 
E) exophthalmus 
A) acromegaly 
B) adrenogenital syndrome 
C) cretinism 
D) dwarfism 
E) exophthalmus

Question 16

Cortisol secretion peaks between ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  early morning, noon 
B)  midnight, early morning 
C)  noon, early evening 
D)  early evening, midnight 
A)  early morning, noon 
B)  midnight, early morning 
C)  noon, early evening 
D)  early evening, midnight

Question 17

Match the condition with its description.
-caused by elevation of TSH

Accepted Answer

A) giantism 
B) kyphosis 
C) moon face 
D) myxedema 
E) goiter 
A) giantism 
B) kyphosis 
C) moon face 
D) myxedema 
E) goiter

Question 18

Match the disease with the description.
-hypercortisolism

Accepted Answer

A) Addison's disease 
B) Cushing's disease 
C) Graves' disease 
D) Paget's disease 
A) Addison's disease 
B) Cushing's disease 
C) Graves' disease 
D) Paget's disease

Question 19

What are the three common causes of hypercortisolism?

Accepted Answer

1.adrenal tumor autonomously s

Question 20

Match the condition with its description.
-easily observable symptom of hypercortisolism

Accepted Answer

A) giantism 
B) kyphosis 
C) moon face 
D) myxedema 
E) goiter 
A) giantism 
B) kyphosis 
C) moon face 
D) myxedema 
E) goiter

Exam 23: Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

Which of the following could describe the function of 11 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase?

Billy has been serving in a noncombat position in the army for two years and has just been informed that he is leaving on a combat mission tomorrow.Billy is feeling very stressed.How has his endocrine system responded to this bad news? Which hormones are involved, and what effects do they have?

Match the disease with the description. -associated with overactive osteoclasts

Carl is suffering from hypothyroidism.How could his physician determine if his symptoms result from problems at the level of the hypothalamus and pituitary or at the level of the gland itself?

Name four physiological functions of calcium.

Match the condition with its description. -puffy appearance associated with hypothyroidism

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid ________.

Premature closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by

Match the disease with the description. -may be an autoimmune disease

Match the disease with the description. -Some symptoms mimic diabetes mellitus.

Match the condition with the description. -caused by growth hormone excess in adulthood

Thyroid hormones

Iodine accumulation in thyroid cells involves symport with

Match the condition with the description. -mental retardation associated with infantile hypothyroidism

Cortisol secretion peaks between ________ and ________.

Match the condition with its description. -caused by elevation of TSH

Match the disease with the description. -hypercortisolism

What are the three common causes of hypercortisolism?

Match the condition with its description. -easily observable symptom of hypercortisolism

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

Cortisol secretion peaks between and .