Question 1

Explain the kiss-and-run model of synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and how it differs from the classic model.

Accepted Answer

With the kiss-and-run model the synaptic vesicles fuse to the presynaptic membrane at a fusion complex.When the neurotransmitter is released through the fusion complex into the synaptic cleft the vesicles then pull away from the complex and re-enter the vesicle pool in the cytoplasm.With the classical model the vesicle becomes incorporated into or becomes part of the cell membrane.

Question 2

The channelopathy known as QT syndrome is a result of mutation in ________ channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)  potassium 
C)  calcium 
D)  chloride 
E)  sodium, potassium, or calcium 
A)  sodium 
B)  potassium 
C)  calcium 
D)  chloride 
E)  sodium, potassium, or calcium E

Question 3

The afferent and efferent axons together form the

Accepted Answer

A)  central nervous system. 
B)  autonomic division system. 
C)  somatic motor division of the nervous system. 
D)  peripheral nervous system. 
E)  visceral nervous system. 
A)  central nervous system. 
B)  autonomic division system. 
C)  somatic motor division of the nervous system. 
D)  peripheral nervous system. 
E)  visceral nervous system. D

Question 4

These CNS glial cells may be a source of treatment for neural degenerative disorders.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cells 
B)  astrocytes 
C)  microglia 
D)  oligodendrocytes 
E)  ependymal cells 
A)  Schwann cells 
B)  astrocytes 
C)  microglia 
D)  oligodendrocytes 
E)  ependymal cells

Question 5

Draw and label an action potential, in the form of a graph.

Accepted Answer

Graph should be simi

Question 6

Detailed understanding of the cellular basis of signaling in the nervous system has led to good understanding of consciousness, intelligence, and emotion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The following are steps involved in transmission at the cholinergic synapse:
1)Chemically regulated ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane are activated.
2)Calcium ions enter the axon terminal.
3)An action potential depolarizes the axon terminal at the presynaptic membrane.
4)Acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles by exocytosis.
5)Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
The correct sequence for these events is

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 2, 1, 5, 3. 
B)  3, 2, 4, 5, 1. 
C)  2, 4, 1, 3, 5. 
D)  2, 5, 4, 1, 3. 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 
A)  4, 2, 1, 5, 3. 
B)  3, 2, 4, 5, 1. 
C)  2, 4, 1, 3, 5. 
D)  2, 5, 4, 1, 3. 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Question 8

Ion channel inactivation is

Accepted Answer

A)  closing of the channel in response to decrease in the stimulus. 
B)  closing of the channel even when the stimulus continues. 
C)  any type of channel closing. 
D)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  closing of the channel in response to decrease in the stimulus. 
B)  closing of the channel even when the stimulus continues. 
C)  any type of channel closing. 
D)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 9

When voltage-gated Na⁺ channels of a resting neuron open,

Accepted Answer

A)  Na⁺ enters the neuron. 
B)  Na⁺ leaves the neuron. 
C)  the neuron depolarizes. 
D)  Na⁺ enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes. 
E)  Na⁺ leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes. 
A)  Na⁺ enters the neuron. 
B)  Na⁺ leaves the neuron. 
C)  the neuron depolarizes. 
D)  Na⁺ enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes. 
E)  Na⁺ leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes.

Question 10

The rearrangement of connections at synapses, which occurs throughout life, is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  elasticity. 
B)  intelligence. 
C)  plasticity. 
D)  senility. 
E)  synchronicity. 
A)  elasticity. 
B)  intelligence. 
C)  plasticity. 
D)  senility. 
E)  synchronicity.

Question 11

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once).
-cells in the CNS that form myelin

Accepted Answer

A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia 
A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia

Question 12

A chemical synapse ALWAYS includes which of the following?
1)axon terminal
2)presynaptic cell
3)synaptic cleft
4)postsynaptic cell
5)dendrite

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  2, 3, 4, 5 
E)  1, 3, 4 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  2, 3, 4, 5 
E)  1, 3, 4

Question 13

To increase the amount of neurotransmitter released onto a postsynaptic cell, the presynaptic cell would have to

Accepted Answer

A)  send action potentials with higher voltage (higher amplitude). 
B)  send action potentials with longer durations. 
C)  send action potentials with higher frequency. 
D)  do nothing; no change is possible since the all-or-none law is in effect. 
A)  send action potentials with higher voltage (higher amplitude). 
B)  send action potentials with longer durations. 
C)  send action potentials with higher frequency. 
D)  do nothing; no change is possible since the all-or-none law is in effect.

Question 14

The inactivation gate

Accepted Answer

A)  quickly opens and closes after depolarization. 
B)  is coupled to the movement of the activation gate, but is much slower. 
C)  depends on a change of +100 mV from rest to be signaled to close. 
D)  depends on a loss of Na⁺ permeability to be triggered. 
E)  depends on a loss of K⁺ permeability to be triggered. 
A)  quickly opens and closes after depolarization. 
B)  is coupled to the movement of the activation gate, but is much slower. 
C)  depends on a change of +100 mV from rest to be signaled to close. 
D)  depends on a loss of Na⁺ permeability to be triggered. 
E)  depends on a loss of K⁺ permeability to be triggered.

Question 15

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once).
-result(s)from influx of sodium

Accepted Answer

A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both 
A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both

Question 16

In a laboratory situation, a nerve can be stimulated by applying voltage from a stimulator.If a stimulus was applied in the middle of a nerve roughly halfway between the cell bodies and the axon terminals, would resulting action potentials travel only from the stimulus point to the axon terminal? Why or why not? How is this similar to or different from the basic characteristics of an action potential discussed in this chapter? What does this tell you about the nature of the axon?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials would travel in both d

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a known drug effect on synaptic function?

Accepted Answer

A)  interfere with neurotransmitter synthesis 
B)  alter the rate of neurotransmitter release 
C)  prevent neurotransmitter inactivation 
D)  prevent neurotransmitter binding to receptors 
E)  change the type of neurotransmitter found in the synaptic vesicle 
A)  interfere with neurotransmitter synthesis 
B)  alter the rate of neurotransmitter release 
C)  prevent neurotransmitter inactivation 
D)  prevent neurotransmitter binding to receptors 
E)  change the type of neurotransmitter found in the synaptic vesicle

Question 18

The total amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal is directly related to

Accepted Answer

A)  the amplitude of the action potential. 
B)  the length of the axon. 
C)  the total number of action potentials. 
D)  the amplitude of the graded potential. 
A)  the amplitude of the action potential. 
B)  the length of the axon. 
C)  the total number of action potentials. 
D)  the amplitude of the graded potential.

Question 19

Neurotransmitter is stored and released from

Accepted Answer

A)  axon terminals only. 
B)  axon varicosities only. 
C)  dendritic spines only. 
D)  cell bodies only. 
E)  axon terminals and axon varicosities. 
A)  axon terminals only. 
B)  axon varicosities only. 
C)  dendritic spines only. 
D)  cell bodies only. 
E)  axon terminals and axon varicosities.

Question 20

Spatial summation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical signals reaching neurons from outer space. 
B)  multiple graded potentials arriving at one location simultaneously. 
C)  repeated graded potentials reaching the trigger zone one after the other. 
D)  suprathreshold potentials triggering action potentials that are extra large. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  electrical signals reaching neurons from outer space. 
B)  multiple graded potentials arriving at one location simultaneously. 
C)  repeated graded potentials reaching the trigger zone one after the other. 
D)  suprathreshold potentials triggering action potentials that are extra large. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Exam 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

Explain the kiss-and-run model of synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and how it differs from the classic model.

The channelopathy known as QT syndrome is a result of mutation in ________ channels.

The afferent and efferent axons together form the

These CNS glial cells may be a source of treatment for neural degenerative disorders.

Draw and label an action potential, in the form of a graph.

Detailed understanding of the cellular basis of signaling in the nervous system has led to good understanding of consciousness, intelligence, and emotion.

Ion channel inactivation is

When voltage-gated Na⁺ channels of a resting neuron open,

The rearrangement of connections at synapses, which occurs throughout life, is termed

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once). -cells in the CNS that form myelin

A chemical synapse ALWAYS includes which of the following? 1)axon terminal 2)presynaptic cell 3)synaptic cleft 4)postsynaptic cell 5)dendrite

To increase the amount of neurotransmitter released onto a postsynaptic cell, the presynaptic cell would have to

The inactivation gate

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once). -result(s)from influx of sodium

Which of the following is NOT a known drug effect on synaptic function?

The total amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal is directly related to

Neurotransmitter is stored and released from

Spatial summation refers to

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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