Question 1

What property of some cell membranes is associated with impermeability to water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Higher concentration

Question 2

Match the terms to changes presented, assuming a resting membrane potential of -70 mV.Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
-to -70 mV from -90 mV

Accepted Answer

A) electrical polarization 
B) hyperpolarization 
C) depolarization 
D) repolarization 
E) more than one of the answers 
A) electrical polarization 
B) hyperpolarization 
C) depolarization 
D) repolarization 
E) more than one of the answers

Question 3

Gated channels for sodium ions may include

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical gates, which respond to pressure. 
B)  chemical gates, which respond to ligands. 
C)  voltage gates, which respond to electrical signals. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  mechanical gates, which respond to pressure. 
B)  chemical gates, which respond to ligands. 
C)  voltage gates, which respond to electrical signals. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 4

Match the terms to changes presented, assuming a resting membrane potential of -70 mV.Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
-to -70 mV from -50 mV

Accepted Answer

A) electrical polarization 
B) hyperpolarization 
C) depolarization 
D) repolarization 
E) more than one of the answers 
A) electrical polarization 
B) hyperpolarization 
C) depolarization 
D) repolarization 
E) more than one of the answers

Question 5

Cells of the intestine are very permeable to water while some cells of the kidney tubule are not at all permeable to water.Can you suggest some ways these two types of cells might be structurally different from each other?

Accepted Answer

Kidney cells may have fewer op

Question 6

Draw a membrane channel protein from two different perspectives, clearly indicating the pore in each.

Accepted Answer

See Figure

Question 7

Describe the distribution of water in the body's fluid compartments.

Accepted Answer

67% is intracellular.
33% is e

Question 8

Explain the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis and exocytosis.

Accepted Answer

See Figure

Question 9

Evaluate the validity of this statement: "The extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments have a stable solute composition that is in equilibrium."

Accepted Answer

This statement is only partial

Question 10

Compare and contrast penetrating solutes and non-penetrating solutes.

Accepted Answer

This is discussed in

Question 11

Name two ways the selectivity of a channel is determined.

Accepted Answer

1.the diameter of th

Question 12

Which body fluid compartment contains higher levels of Na⁺, Cl⁻, and HCO₃⁻?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma only 
B)  interstitial fluid only 
C)  intracellular fluid only 
D)  both plasma and intracellular fluid 
E)  both plasma and interstitial fluid 
A)  plasma only 
B)  interstitial fluid only 
C)  intracellular fluid only 
D)  both plasma and intracellular fluid 
E)  both plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 13

Match the membrane protein with its function.
-enzymes

Accepted Answer

A) transfer signals from the extracellular environment to the cytoplasm of the cell 
B) form cell-to-cell connections 
C) bind to molecules to facilitate entry to or exit from the cell 
D) ligands bind to these proteins and are changed by the protein 
A) transfer signals from the extracellular environment to the cytoplasm of the cell 
B) form cell-to-cell connections 
C) bind to molecules to facilitate entry to or exit from the cell 
D) ligands bind to these proteins and are changed by the protein

Question 14

Define osmolarity and tonicity.How are they similar? How are they different?

Accepted Answer

Osmolarity refers to the concentration o

Question 15

Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated diffusion uses cell membrane proteins to move substances, whereas active transport does not. 
B)  facilitated diffusion uses a substrate to bind to a protein carrier, whereas active transport does not. 
C)  ATP is necessary for active transport, but not for facilitated diffusion. 
D)  facilitated diffusion moves water across the cell membrane, whereas active transport does not. 
E)  potential energy is required for active transport but not for facilitated diffusion. 
A)  facilitated diffusion uses cell membrane proteins to move substances, whereas active transport does not. 
B)  facilitated diffusion uses a substrate to bind to a protein carrier, whereas active transport does not. 
C)  ATP is necessary for active transport, but not for facilitated diffusion. 
D)  facilitated diffusion moves water across the cell membrane, whereas active transport does not. 
E)  potential energy is required for active transport but not for facilitated diffusion.

Question 16

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane is

Accepted Answer

A)  proportional to surface area and membrane thickness, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient. 
B)  proportional to concentration gradient, surface area, and membrane permeability. 
C)  proportional to membrane permeability, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient and surface area. 
D)  proportional to membrane thickness and surface area. 
A)  proportional to surface area and membrane thickness, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient. 
B)  proportional to concentration gradient, surface area, and membrane permeability. 
C)  proportional to membrane permeability, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient and surface area. 
D)  proportional to membrane thickness and surface area.

Question 17

Write the five rules for osmolarity and tonicity.Are the relative osmolarity and tonicity of an extracellular solution compared to intracellular fluid always the same? If they are, explain why.If they are not, give specific examples of when they are different.

Accepted Answer

See Table

Question 18

A cell that is permeable to Solute X is placed into solution containing a higher concentration of X.Diffusion occurs until equilibrium is attained.At this time,

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no further movement of Solute X across the membrane. 
B)  there is no further change in concentration of Solute X. 
C)  Both of the statements are correct. 
D)  Neither of the statements is correct. 
A)  there is no further movement of Solute X across the membrane. 
B)  there is no further change in concentration of Solute X. 
C)  Both of the statements are correct. 
D)  Neither of the statements is correct.

Question 19

The term cellular (metabolic)energy indicates any biological process requiring

Accepted Answer

A)  energy in any form. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  thermal energy. 
D)  chemical energy. 
E)  thermal energy and chemical energy. 
A)  energy in any form. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  thermal energy. 
D)  chemical energy. 
E)  thermal energy and chemical energy.

Question 20

What is the approximate concentration of solute present in alien blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Equivalent osmolalit

Exam 5: Membrane Dynamics

What property of some cell membranes is associated with impermeability to water molecules?

Match the terms to changes presented, assuming a resting membrane potential of -70 mV.Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -to -70 mV from -90 mV

Gated channels for sodium ions may include

Match the terms to changes presented, assuming a resting membrane potential of -70 mV.Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -to -70 mV from -50 mV

Cells of the intestine are very permeable to water while some cells of the kidney tubule are not at all permeable to water.Can you suggest some ways these two types of cells might be structurally different from each other?

Draw a membrane channel protein from two different perspectives, clearly indicating the pore in each.

Describe the distribution of water in the body's fluid compartments.

Explain the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis and exocytosis.

Evaluate the validity of this statement: "The extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments have a stable solute composition that is in equilibrium."

Compare and contrast penetrating solutes and non-penetrating solutes.

Name two ways the selectivity of a channel is determined.

Which body fluid compartment contains higher levels of Na⁺, Cl⁻, and HCO₃⁻?

Match the membrane protein with its function. -enzymes

Define osmolarity and tonicity.How are they similar? How are they different?

Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in that

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane is

Write the five rules for osmolarity and tonicity.Are the relative osmolarity and tonicity of an extracellular solution compared to intracellular fluid always the same? If they are, explain why.If they are not, give specific examples of when they are different.

A cell that is permeable to Solute X is placed into solution containing a higher concentration of X.Diffusion occurs until equilibrium is attained.At this time,

The term cellular (metabolic)energy indicates any biological process requiring

What is the approximate concentration of solute present in alien blood cells?

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters