Chat with AIExam 10: Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment
Which circumventricular organ contains osmosensory neurons?
(45) 
VerifiedB
Explain the organization, hormones, and neurons involved in the appetite control circuitry of the arcuate nucleus.
(30) 
Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe arcuate nucleus is a region in the hypothalamus that plays a crucial role in regulating appetite and energy balance. It contains specialized neurons that respond to various hormonal and neural signals to control feeding behavior.
The organization of the appetite control circuitry in the arcuate nucleus involves two main populations of neurons: the orexigenic neurons and the anorexigenic neurons. The orexigenic neurons produce and release neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), which stimulate appetite and food intake. On the other hand, the anorexigenic neurons produce and release pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), which suppress appetite and food intake.
Hormones such as leptin, insulin, and ghrelin play a key role in regulating the activity of these neurons. Leptin, which is produced by adipose tissue, acts on the arcuate nucleus to inhibit the activity of NPY/AgRP neurons and stimulate the activity of POMC/CART neurons, leading to reduced appetite and increased energy expenditure. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, also acts on the arcuate nucleus to suppress NPY/AgRP neurons and activate POMC/CART neurons. In contrast, ghrelin, produced by the stomach, stimulates NPY/AgRP neurons and inhibits POMC/CART neurons, leading to increased appetite and food intake.
In addition to hormonal signals, the arcuate nucleus receives input from various neural pathways, including those involved in taste, smell, and gut distension. These sensory signals are integrated in the arcuate nucleus to modulate the activity of the orexigenic and anorexigenic neurons, ultimately influencing feeding behavior.
Overall, the appetite control circuitry in the arcuate nucleus is a complex and tightly regulated system that involves the interplay of hormones and neural signals to maintain energy balance and regulate food intake.
Which molecule is known as antidiuretic hormone?
(43) VerifiedB
One reason that body temperature is a critical variable for animals is because the at high temperatures, _______ can become denatured, thereby losing their structure and function.
(35) Fat cells that make up adipose tissue release a hormone called _______, which helps regulate appetite.
(32) A(n) _______ solution is a solution with the same concentration as physiological saline.
(30) _______ refers to the active process of maintaining a relatively stable internal environment.
(35) The two main kinds of thirst are _______ thirst and _______ thirst.
(38) What is the significance of a set zone, as opposed to a precise set point, in terms of thermoregulation?
(29) A(n) _______ is an animal whose body temperature is regulated mainly by internal bodily processes.
(33) _______ involves periodic binge eating followed by _______ or taking laxatives to avoid weight gain.
(46) Suppose that your car battery dies, and you find yourself stranded in a winter storm. Which response would not be considered a behavioral mechanism for regulating body temperature while you are waiting for help to arrive?
(35) Describe, in detail, an experimental approach designed to investigate whether or not wetness of the throat and mouth is the signal to stop drinking.
(29) During the absorptive phase, special cells in the liver called glucodetectors detect circulating glucose and trigger the release of _______.
(38) Long-term energy storage is accomplished by storage of fat in _______ tissue.
(39) About 10-20% of the energy we ingest is used for _______ processes.
(42) 
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