Chat with AIExam 14: Memory, Learning, and Development
You see a scary movie and are frightened several times as the movie plot unfolds. Later that night, at home, you find you are scared by sounds that normally do not bother you. This is an example of
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Discuss the research that implicates medial temporal lobe structures in declarative memory.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotResearch has shown that the medial temporal lobe structures, including the hippocampus and surrounding regions, play a critical role in declarative memory. Declarative memory refers to the conscious recollection of facts and events, and studies have consistently implicated the medial temporal lobe in the formation and retrieval of these types of memories.
One of the most influential pieces of evidence for the involvement of the medial temporal lobe in declarative memory comes from studies of patients with damage to this region. Patients with selective damage to the hippocampus and surrounding structures often exhibit profound deficits in forming new declarative memories, while their ability to recall information from before the injury remains relatively intact. This pattern of memory impairment, known as anterograde amnesia, provides strong evidence for the role of the medial temporal lobe in the formation of new declarative memories.
In addition to patient studies, neuroimaging research has also provided support for the involvement of the medial temporal lobe in declarative memory. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have consistently shown increased activity in the hippocampus and surrounding regions during tasks that require the encoding and retrieval of declarative memories. This activation pattern is consistent with the idea that the medial temporal lobe is crucial for the formation and retrieval of declarative memories.
Furthermore, animal studies have provided valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying declarative memory. Research using animal models has demonstrated that the hippocampus is essential for spatial memory and contextual memory, both of which are important components of declarative memory in humans.
Overall, the research implicating medial temporal lobe structures in declarative memory is extensive and multifaceted, drawing on evidence from patient studies, neuroimaging research, and animal models. This body of research has significantly advanced our understanding of the neural basis of declarative memory and has highlighted the critical role of the medial temporal lobe in this fundamental cognitive function.
Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome may _______ in an attempt to conceal gaps in their memory.
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Describe the different forms of nondeclarative memory and provide an example of each.
(36) After a brief tetanus, the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) response increases significantly and remains high. This greater responsiveness is called
(35) Who was Henry Molaison (patient H.M.)? What happened to him and how has he contributed to our understanding of the neural basis of memory?
(46) Which brain area(s) is/are implicated in patient K.C.'s inability to recall autobiographical details of his life from many years before his accident?
(28) The three successive systems that are necessary for recall of a past event are encoding, ________, and retrieval.
(33) As related to memory, which term does not belong with the others?
(22) You are riding on bus and catch a very brief glimpse of a ravine with rushing water as you pass over a bridge. The impression you have of the view is called an iconic memory, or
(26) Place cells, which are located in the _______, become active when an animal moves through its spatial environment or toward a particular location.
(43) In the delayed non-matching-to-sample task in monkeys, the subject
(39) Which scenario provides an example of instrumental (or operant) conditioning?
(31) Patients like patient H.M. can learn to read mirror-reversed text even though they don't remember practicing it, which demonstrates that their problem is not in learning verbal material, but instead is in
(27) The _______ is not needed to encode sensory information into short-term memory or to retrieve that information from it, but is required to move information from short-term into long-term memory.
(38) A friend gives you a phone number but you don't have your phone with you with so you concentrate on committing it to memory. As soon as you have called the number you forget it. The memory of the number would be classified as a _______ memory.
(32) Create a short paragraph using the following terms: Incoming information, sensory buffers, encoding, short-term memory, consolidation, long-term memory, retrieval.
(31) _______ LTP refers to the induction of LTP through training of an animal in a memory task.
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