Question 1

The formal aspect of a theory:

Accepted Answer

A) can make sense by itself 
B) may make erroneous predictions about the physical world 
C) has a complex relationship with the empirical aspects of a theory 
D) all of the above 
A) can make sense by itself 
B) may make erroneous predictions about the physical world 
C) has a complex relationship with the empirical aspects of a theory 
D) all of the above

Question 2

Every statement in science must be:

Accepted Answer

A) subjective 
B) verifiable 
C) meaningful 
D) objective 
A) subjective 
B) verifiable 
C) meaningful 
D) objective

Question 3

According to the traditional view of science, every scientific theory must be:

Accepted Answer

A) based on logic 
B) based on rational components 
C) proven 
D) reducible to empirical observations 
A) based on logic 
B) based on rational components 
C) proven 
D) reducible to empirical observations

Question 4

The heuristic function of a theory is:

Accepted Answer

A) its ability to synthesize a large number of observations 
B) the same as its syntax 
C) its ability to generate new research 
D) none of the above 
A) its ability to synthesize a large number of observations 
B) the same as its syntax 
C) its ability to generate new research 
D) none of the above

Question 5

When something known is used to describe something that is relatively less known, the former is being used as a for the latter.

Accepted Answer

A) model 
B) paradigm 
C) theory 
D) law 
A) model 
B) paradigm 
C) theory 
D) law

Question 6

The principle of parsimony states that a scientific theory must:

Accepted Answer

A) be as simple as possible 
B) be accurate 
C) generate publicly verifiable statements 
D) be heuristic 
A) be as simple as possible 
B) be accurate 
C) generate publicly verifiable statements 
D) be heuristic

Question 7

A theory in science:

Accepted Answer

A) is like any other educated hunch 
B) always generates scientific laws 
C) must be subjected to experimental tests 
D) does not need to make contact with the real world 
A) is like any other educated hunch 
B) always generates scientific laws 
C) must be subjected to experimental tests 
D) does not need to make contact with the real world

Question 8

Which statement is an example of a scientific law (assuming each is correct)?

Accepted Answer

A) "A stitch in time saves nine." 
B) "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." 
C) "The ripest fruit falls first." 
D) all of the above 
A) "A stitch in time saves nine." 
B) "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." 
C) "The ripest fruit falls first." 
D) all of the above

Question 9

An approach whereby a complex phenomenon is broken down into its component parts for detailed analysis is called:

Accepted Answer

A) heuristic analysis 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) nomothetic 
D) elementistic 
A) heuristic analysis 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) nomothetic 
D) elementistic

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of a good scientific theory? It:

Accepted Answer

A) is heuristic 
B) follows the principle of parsimony 
C) synthesizes a number of observations 
D) all of the above 
A) is heuristic 
B) follows the principle of parsimony 
C) synthesizes a number of observations 
D) all of the above

Question 11

According to Popper, a scientific theory is:

Accepted Answer

A) an attempt to summarize empirical observation 
B) an attempt to refute what has been observed 
C) something to which a scientist becomes emotionally attached 
D) a proposed solution to a problem 
A) an attempt to summarize empirical observation 
B) an attempt to refute what has been observed 
C) something to which a scientist becomes emotionally attached 
D) a proposed solution to a problem

Question 12

What is a danger in using naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

A) it is too reductionistic 
B) it is difficult to observe and record complex phenomenon accurately 
C) classifications are too narrow 
D) more than one of the above 
A) it is too reductionistic 
B) it is difficult to observe and record complex phenomenon accurately 
C) classifications are too narrow 
D) more than one of the above

Question 13

An experimentalist studies the learning process of a single rat under a variety of circumstances.This technique is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) idiographic 
B) nomothetic 
C) normative 
D) naturalistic 
A) idiographic 
B) nomothetic 
C) normative 
D) naturalistic

Question 14

A consistently observed relationship between two or more events is called:

Accepted Answer

A) a hypothesis 
B) a theory 
C) naturalistic observation 
D) a scientific law 
A) a hypothesis 
B) a theory 
C) naturalistic observation 
D) a scientific law

Question 15

In science the demand for verification means:

Accepted Answer

A) statements must be testable 
B) experiments must be highly controlled 
C) information must pass freely from one scientist to another 
D) ambiguity must be avoided at all costs 
A) statements must be testable 
B) experiments must be highly controlled 
C) information must pass freely from one scientist to another 
D) ambiguity must be avoided at all costs

Question 16

The part of a scientific theory that attempts to explain physical events is referred to as the theory's:

Accepted Answer

A) practical aspect 
B) formal aspect 
C) heuristic function 
D) empirical aspect 
A) practical aspect 
B) formal aspect 
C) heuristic function 
D) empirical aspect

The formal aspect of a theory:

Every statement in science must be:

According to the traditional view of science, every scientific theory must be:

The heuristic function of a theory is:

When something known is used to describe something that is relatively less known, the former is being used as a for the latter.

The principle of parsimony states that a scientific theory must:

A theory in science:

Which statement is an example of a scientific law (assuming each is correct)?

An approach whereby a complex phenomenon is broken down into its component parts for detailed analysis is called:

Which of the following is a characteristic of a good scientific theory? It:

According to Popper, a scientific theory is:

What is a danger in using naturalistic observation?

An experimentalist studies the learning process of a single rat under a variety of circumstances.This technique is referred to as:

A consistently observed relationship between two or more events is called:

In science the demand for verification means:

The part of a scientific theory that attempts to explain physical events is referred to as the theory's:

What Is Learning?

Early Notions About Learning

Edward Lee Thorndike

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Clark Leonard Hull

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Edwin Ray Guthrie

William Kaye Estes

Gestalt Theory

Jean Piaget

Edward Chace Tolman

Albert Bandura

Donald Olding Hebb

Robert C. Bolles and Evolutionary Psychology

A Final Word

Filters

Exam 2: Approaches to the Study of Learning

The formal aspect of a theory:

Every statement in science must be:

According to the traditional view of science, every scientific theory must be:

The heuristic function of a theory is:

When something known is used to describe something that is relatively less known, the former is being used as a for the latter.

The principle of parsimony states that a scientific theory must:

A theory in science:

Which statement is an example of a scientific law (assuming each is correct)?

An approach whereby a complex phenomenon is broken down into its component parts for detailed analysis is called:

Which of the following is a characteristic of a good scientific theory? It:

According to Popper, a scientific theory is:

What is a danger in using naturalistic observation?

An experimentalist studies the learning process of a single rat under a variety of circumstances.This technique is referred to as:

A consistently observed relationship between two or more events is called:

In science the demand for verification means:

The part of a scientific theory that attempts to explain physical events is referred to as the theory's:

What Is Learning?

Early Notions About Learning

Edward Lee Thorndike

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Clark Leonard Hull

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Edwin Ray Guthrie

William Kaye Estes

Gestalt Theory

Jean Piaget

Edward Chace Tolman

Albert Bandura

Donald Olding Hebb

Robert C. Bolles and Evolutionary Psychology

A Final Word

Filters