Exam 10: The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

Although it is difficult to determine precisely how much of personality is determined by genetics, the results of twin studies suggest that genetics probably accounts for about _______ percent of the variance of adult personality.

Critics have pointed to several weaknesses in the research used to make a case for the role of genetics on personality development. Their criticisms include each of the following points except one. Which one?

Discuss the rationale behind the twin-study method and adoption studies of genetic influence. Give the general findings regarding the contribution of genetic influences on personality. Discuss any problems associated with each of these methods of research.

Research on the genetic heritability of extraversion-introversion has made use of

One problem with adoption studies is that the homes in which twins are placed

The "lipstick effect" refers to

Research on genetic determinants of personality tell us that

Suppose you design a personality study in which you plan to use the twin-study method. You are probably conducting research to examine the

A researcher using the twin-study method finds an average correlation of .50 between monozygotic twins' scores on a measure of self?esteem. The researcher finds an average correlation of .30 between dizygotic twins' scores on this measure. The difference between the size of the correlations is statistically significant. What conclusion might the researcher draw from these results?

A researcher reports that men in this country tend to marry younger women and women tend to marry older men. This finding might be used to support which theory?

The twin-study method is used by researchers to get around which methodological problem?

Research has found that extraverts are not always happier than introverts. Why not?

A psychologist conducts research using the twin-study method. He administers a need for Achievement scale to sets of monozygotic and dizygotic twins and finds a correlation of .50 between the scores for pairs of monozygotic twins. If this study is to demonstrate evidence for a genetic influence on need for Achievement, what would we expect the correlation to be between scores for pairs of dizygotic twins?

Discuss the difference in preference for arousal between extraverts and introverts. Give two ways in which sensitivity to stimulation translates into behavior. What research evidence has been offered for the heritability of the extraversion?

Which of the following is true about parental investment?

In one study introverts found themselves ________ mood when the experimenter instructed them to act more extraverted.

Each person born an introvert will develop a lower sensitivity to stimulation than those born extraverts.

Which assumption is made by researchers using the twin-study method?

Extraversion has one of the strongest genetic components of any personality variable.

Cross-cultural studies find similar patterns of what men and women look for in their spouses across many different cultures. These findings support evolutionary personality theory because they suggest that mate preferences do not merely reflect differences in