Question 1

Insulin increases the entry of tryptophan into the brain by ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) weakening the blood-brain barrier 
B) ​converting tryptophan into a compound that more easily enters the brain 
C) ​increasing metabolic activity only in those areas of the brain that use tryptophan 
D) causing certain competing amino acids to enter other cells, outside the brain 
A) weakening the blood-brain barrier 
B) ​converting tryptophan into a compound that more easily enters the brain 
C) ​increasing metabolic activity only in those areas of the brain that use tryptophan 
D) causing certain competing amino acids to enter other cells, outside the brain

Question 2

The "decision" for a neuron to fire is determined by the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) number of EPSPs only 
B) ​spontaneous firing rate 
C) ​number of IPSPs only 
D) ratio of EPSPs to IPSPs 
A) number of EPSPs only 
B) ​spontaneous firing rate 
C) ​number of IPSPs only 
D) ratio of EPSPs to IPSPs

Question 3

Which terms refers to a chemical that binds to another chemical?​

Accepted Answer

A) ligand 
B) ​electrolyte 
C) ​vesicle 
D) autoreceptor 
A) ligand 
B) ​electrolyte 
C) ​vesicle 
D) autoreceptor

Question 4

You are eating a food containing tryptophan.What can you consume with it to increase its entry to the brain?​

Accepted Answer

A) phenylalanine 
B) ​carbohydrates 
C) ​fats 
D) thiamine 
A) phenylalanine 
B) ​carbohydrates 
C) ​fats 
D) thiamine

Question 5

Increased permeability to which type of ion would most likely result in an IPSP?​

Accepted Answer

A) sodium 
B) ​potassium 
C) ​calcium 
D) bicarbonate 
A) sodium 
B) ​potassium 
C) ​calcium 
D) bicarbonate

Question 6

Which pattern of post-synaptic excitation will most likely result in an action potential?​

Accepted Answer

A) rapid sequence of EPSPs 
B) ​rapid sequence of IPSPs 
C) ​large number of simultaneous IPSPs 
D) large number of simultaneous IPSPs and EPSPs 
A) rapid sequence of EPSPs 
B) ​rapid sequence of IPSPs 
C) ​large number of simultaneous IPSPs 
D) large number of simultaneous IPSPs and EPSPs

Question 7

What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?​

Accepted Answer

A) Only spatial summation can produce an action potential. 
B) ​Spatial summation depends on contributions from more than one sensory neuron. 
C) ​Temporal summation produces a hyperpolarization instead of a depolarization. 
D) Spatial summation alters the response of more than one postsynaptic cell. 
A) Only spatial summation can produce an action potential. 
B) ​Spatial summation depends on contributions from more than one sensory neuron. 
C) ​Temporal summation produces a hyperpolarization instead of a depolarization. 
D) Spatial summation alters the response of more than one postsynaptic cell.

Question 8

At synapses,the cell that receives the message is called the presynaptic neuron.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Autoreceptors monitor the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) number of action potentials 
B) ​extracellular sodium concentration 
C) ​amount of neurotransmitter released 
D) amount of reuptake 
A) number of action potentials 
B) ​extracellular sodium concentration 
C) ​amount of neurotransmitter released 
D) amount of reuptake

Question 10

Most of the known neurotransmitters are synthesized from amino acids.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) released from the presynaptic neuron 
B) ​synthesized 
C) ​destroyed 
D) secreted into synaptic vesicles 
A) released from the presynaptic neuron 
B) ​synthesized 
C) ​destroyed 
D) secreted into synaptic vesicles

Question 12

What is the synaptic cleft?​

Accepted Answer

A) the gap between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron 
B) ​a packet that stores neurotransmitter molecules for release 
C) ​a subthreshold depolarization mechanism 
D) the long-term storage location for calcium ions 
A) the gap between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron 
B) ​a packet that stores neurotransmitter molecules for release 
C) ​a subthreshold depolarization mechanism 
D) the long-term storage location for calcium ions

Question 13

Only sensory neurons are found in a reflex arc.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Ionotropic effects are characterized by ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) rapid and short-lived effects 
B) ​rapid and long lasting effects 
C) ​excitatory effects only 
D) inhibitory effects only 
A) rapid and short-lived effects 
B) ​rapid and long lasting effects 
C) ​excitatory effects only 
D) inhibitory effects only

Question 15

Gases can be used as neurotransmitters.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Electrical communication between neurons is faster than chemical communication within neurons.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Spatial summation is the result of synaptic inputs from different locations arriving at the same time.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The primary difference between an EPSP and an action potential is that ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) the magnitude of an action potential decreases as it travels along the membrane 
B) ​EPSPs occur without sodium ions entering the cell 
C) ​action potentials are always hyperpolarizations 
D) EPSPs are subthreshold events that decay over time and space 
A) the magnitude of an action potential decreases as it travels along the membrane 
B) ​EPSPs occur without sodium ions entering the cell 
C) ​action potentials are always hyperpolarizations 
D) EPSPs are subthreshold events that decay over time and space

Question 19

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?​

Accepted Answer

A) It causes calcium to rush into the presynaptic neuron. 
B) ​It causes calcium to rush into the postsynaptic neuron. 
C) ​The neurotransmitter passively spreads across the synaptic cleft. 
D) The neurotransmitter is actively transported across the synaptic cleft. 
A) It causes calcium to rush into the presynaptic neuron. 
B) ​It causes calcium to rush into the postsynaptic neuron. 
C) ​The neurotransmitter passively spreads across the synaptic cleft. 
D) The neurotransmitter is actively transported across the synaptic cleft.

Question 20

Many neurons release neuropeptides mostly from the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) vesicles 
B) ​nodes 
C) ​axons 
D) dendrites 
A) vesicles 
B) ​nodes 
C) ​axons 
D) dendrites

Insulin increases the entry of tryptophan into the brain by ____.

The "decision" for a neuron to fire is determined by the ____.

Which terms refers to a chemical that binds to another chemical?

You are eating a food containing tryptophan.What can you consume with it to increase its entry to the brain?

Increased permeability to which type of ion would most likely result in an IPSP?

Which pattern of post-synaptic excitation will most likely result in an action potential?

What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

At synapses,the cell that receives the message is called the presynaptic neuron.

Autoreceptors monitor the ____.

Most of the known neurotransmitters are synthesized from amino acids.

Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are ____.

What is the synaptic cleft?

Only sensory neurons are found in a reflex arc.

Ionotropic effects are characterized by ____.

Gases can be used as neurotransmitters.

Electrical communication between neurons is faster than chemical communication within neurons.

Spatial summation is the result of synaptic inputs from different locations arriving at the same time.

The primary difference between an EPSP and an action potential is that ____.

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?

Many neurons release neuropeptides mostly from the ____.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 2: Synapses

Insulin increases the entry of tryptophan into the brain by ____.​

The "decision" for a neuron to fire is determined by the ____.​

Which terms refers to a chemical that binds to another chemical?​

You are eating a food containing tryptophan.What can you consume with it to increase its entry to the brain?​

Increased permeability to which type of ion would most likely result in an IPSP?​

Which pattern of post-synaptic excitation will most likely result in an action potential?​

What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?​

At synapses,the cell that receives the message is called the presynaptic neuron.​

Autoreceptors monitor the ____.​

Most of the known neurotransmitters are synthesized from amino acids.​

Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are ____.​

What is the synaptic cleft?​

Only sensory neurons are found in a reflex arc.​

Ionotropic effects are characterized by ____.​

Gases can be used as neurotransmitters.​

Electrical communication between neurons is faster than chemical communication within neurons.​

Spatial summation is the result of synaptic inputs from different locations arriving at the same time.​

The primary difference between an EPSP and an action potential is that ____.​

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?​

Many neurons release neuropeptides mostly from the ____.​

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Insulin increases the entry of tryptophan into the brain by ____.

The "decision" for a neuron to fire is determined by the ____.

Which terms refers to a chemical that binds to another chemical?

You are eating a food containing tryptophan.What can you consume with it to increase its entry to the brain?

Increased permeability to which type of ion would most likely result in an IPSP?

Which pattern of post-synaptic excitation will most likely result in an action potential?

What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

At synapses,the cell that receives the message is called the presynaptic neuron.

Autoreceptors monitor the ____.

Most of the known neurotransmitters are synthesized from amino acids.

Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are ____.

What is the synaptic cleft?

Only sensory neurons are found in a reflex arc.

Ionotropic effects are characterized by ____.

Gases can be used as neurotransmitters.

Electrical communication between neurons is faster than chemical communication within neurons.

Spatial summation is the result of synaptic inputs from different locations arriving at the same time.

The primary difference between an EPSP and an action potential is that ____.

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?

Many neurons release neuropeptides mostly from the ____.