Question 1

The following argument is inductively strong: "All previous U.S. presidents have worn a beard. So, the next U.S. president will probably wear a beard."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The argument "Aldo says he saw a whooping crane in a Wisconsin marsh; Aldo is a highly reliable witness; so, Aldo probably did see a whooping crane in a Wisconsin marsh." is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a causal argument 
B)  an argument from authority 
C)  None of the answers are correct 
D)  an inductive generalization 
A)  a causal argument 
B)  an argument from authority 
C)  None of the answers are correct 
D)  an inductive generalization

Question 3

An argument in which the conclusion is claimed to follow probably from the premises is known as a(n) _____ argument.

Accepted Answer

A)  deductive 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  implicative 
D)  inductive 
A)  deductive 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  implicative 
D)  inductive

Question 4

All welfare recipients are poor. Ahmed is poor. Therefore, Ahmed is a welfare recipient. This illustrates a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  valid deductive argument 
B)  strong inductive argument 
C)  weak inductive argument 
D)  invalid deductive argument 
A)  valid deductive argument 
B)  strong inductive argument 
C)  weak inductive argument 
D)  invalid deductive argument

Question 5

"All Republicans are pro-choice; Barack Obama is a Republican. So, Barack Obama is pro-choice." This illustrates a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  None of the answers are correct 
B)  strong inductive argument 
C)  invalid deductive argument 
D)  valid deductive argument 
A)  None of the answers are correct 
B)  strong inductive argument 
C)  invalid deductive argument 
D)  valid deductive argument

Question 6

Which of the following is true of a syllogism?

Accepted Answer

A)  A syllogism is essentially deductive. 
B)  Any argument that consists of two premises and one conclusion counts as a syllogism. 
C)  A syllogism is a four-line argument. 
D)  Any argument that consists of exactly one premise and one conclusion counts as a syllogism. 
A)  A syllogism is essentially deductive. 
B)  Any argument that consists of two premises and one conclusion counts as a syllogism. 
C)  A syllogism is a four-line argument. 
D)  Any argument that consists of exactly one premise and one conclusion counts as a syllogism.

Question 7

According to the strict necessity test, if an argument's conclusion follows with strict logical necessity from its premises, then the argument should always be treated as deductive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

If the conclusion of an argument follows with strict logical necessity from its premises, then the argument should be treated as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive and deductive 
B)  inductive 
C)  deductive 
D)  None of the answers are correct 
A)  inductive and deductive 
B)  inductive 
C)  deductive 
D)  None of the answers are correct

Question 9

An unsound argument is defined as a deductive argument that either is invalid or has at least one false premise, or both.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

"On Monday, Irene wore a New York Mets jacket to class. On Wednesday, Irene wore a New York Mets hat to class. On Friday, Irene wore a New York Mets sweatshirt to class. So, it is likely that Irene is a New York Mets fan." This illustrates a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  weak inductive argument 
B)  strong inductive argument 
C)  invalid deductive argument 
D)  valid deductive argument 
A)  weak inductive argument 
B)  strong inductive argument 
C)  invalid deductive argument 
D)  valid deductive argument

Question 11

If an inductive argument has a false premise, then the argument is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the answers are correct 
B)  uncogent 
C)  unsound 
D)  weak 
A)  All of the answers are correct 
B)  uncogent 
C)  unsound 
D)  weak

Question 12

No cogent argument has any false premises.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A valid argument may have _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  false premises and a false conclusion 
B)  true premises and a true conclusion 
C)  All of the answers are correct 
D)  false premises and a true conclusion 
A)  false premises and a false conclusion 
B)  true premises and a true conclusion 
C)  All of the answers are correct 
D)  false premises and a true conclusion

Question 14

An "argument by elimination" seeks to logically rule out various possibilities until only a single possibility remains.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

"If Wendy gets an 'A' in her Anatomy class, then her boyfriend will take her out to celebrate. Her boyfriend takes her out to celebrate. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that Wendy got an 'A' in her Anatomy class." This illustrates a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  weak inductive argument 
B)  valid deductive argument 
C)  strong inductive argument 
D)  invalid deductive argument 
A)  weak inductive argument 
B)  valid deductive argument 
C)  strong inductive argument 
D)  invalid deductive argument

Question 16

A hypothetical syllogism is a syllogism that contains at least one conditional premise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A weak inductive argument necessarily has _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  one or more false premises 
B)  neither A nor B 
C)  one or more false premises and a false conclusion 
D)  a false conclusion 
A)  one or more false premises 
B)  neither A nor B 
C)  one or more false premises and a false conclusion 
D)  a false conclusion

Question 18

Inductive generalizations always proceed from particular premises to a general conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

All strong arguments have _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a probably true conclusion 
B)  true premises and a probably true conclusion 
C)  None of the answers are correct 
D)  true premises 
A)  a probably true conclusion 
B)  true premises and a probably true conclusion 
C)  None of the answers are correct 
D)  true premises

Question 20

The common pattern test asks, "Are there any indicator words that signal whether the argument is intended to be deductive or inductive?"

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The following argument is inductively strong: "All previous U.S. presidents have worn a beard. So, the next U.S. president will probably wear a beard."

The argument "Aldo says he saw a whooping crane in a Wisconsin marsh; Aldo is a highly reliable witness; so, Aldo probably did see a whooping crane in a Wisconsin marsh." is _____.

An argument in which the conclusion is claimed to follow probably from the premises is known as a(n) _____ argument.

All welfare recipients are poor. Ahmed is poor. Therefore, Ahmed is a welfare recipient. This illustrates a(n) _____.

"All Republicans are pro-choice; Barack Obama is a Republican. So, Barack Obama is pro-choice." This illustrates a(n) _____.

Which of the following is true of a syllogism?

According to the strict necessity test, if an argument's conclusion follows with strict logical necessity from its premises, then the argument should always be treated as deductive.

If the conclusion of an argument follows with strict logical necessity from its premises, then the argument should be treated as _____.

An unsound argument is defined as a deductive argument that either is invalid or has at least one false premise, or both.

"On Monday, Irene wore a New York Mets jacket to class. On Wednesday, Irene wore a New York Mets hat to class. On Friday, Irene wore a New York Mets sweatshirt to class. So, it is likely that Irene is a New York Mets fan." This illustrates a(n) _____.

If an inductive argument has a false premise, then the argument is _____.

No cogent argument has any false premises.

A valid argument may have _____.

An "argument by elimination" seeks to logically rule out various possibilities until only a single possibility remains.

"If Wendy gets an 'A' in her Anatomy class, then her boyfriend will take her out to celebrate. Her boyfriend takes her out to celebrate. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that Wendy got an 'A' in her Anatomy class." This illustrates a(n) _____.

A hypothetical syllogism is a syllogism that contains at least one conditional premise.

A weak inductive argument necessarily has _____.

Inductive generalizations always proceed from particular premises to a general conclusion.

All strong arguments have _____.

The common pattern test asks, "Are there any indicator words that signal whether the argument is intended to be deductive or inductive?"

Introduction to Critical Thinking

Recognizing Arguments

Language

Logical Fallaciesi

Logical Fallaciesii

Analyzing Arguments

Evaluating Arguments and Truth Claims

A Little Categorical Logic

A Little Propositional Logic

Inductive Reasoning

Finding, Evaluating, and Using Sources

Writing Argumentative Essays

Thinking Critically About the Media

Science and Pseudoscience

Filters

Exam 3: Basic Logical Concepts

The following argument is inductively strong: "All previous U.S. presidents have worn a beard. So, the next U.S. president will probably wear a beard."

The argument "Aldo says he saw a whooping crane in a Wisconsin marsh; Aldo is a highly reliable witness; so, Aldo probably did see a whooping crane in a Wisconsin marsh." is _____.

An argument in which the conclusion is claimed to follow probably from the premises is known as a(n) _____ argument.

All welfare recipients are poor. Ahmed is poor. Therefore, Ahmed is a welfare recipient. This illustrates a(n) _____.

"All Republicans are pro-choice; Barack Obama is a Republican. So, Barack Obama is pro-choice." This illustrates a(n) _____.

Which of the following is true of a syllogism?

According to the strict necessity test, if an argument's conclusion follows with strict logical necessity from its premises, then the argument should always be treated as deductive.

If the conclusion of an argument follows with strict logical necessity from its premises, then the argument should be treated as _____.

An unsound argument is defined as a deductive argument that either is invalid or has at least one false premise, or both.

"On Monday, Irene wore a New York Mets jacket to class. On Wednesday, Irene wore a New York Mets hat to class. On Friday, Irene wore a New York Mets sweatshirt to class. So, it is likely that Irene is a New York Mets fan." This illustrates a(n) _____.

If an inductive argument has a false premise, then the argument is _____.

No cogent argument has any false premises.

A valid argument may have _____.

An "argument by elimination" seeks to logically rule out various possibilities until only a single possibility remains.

"If Wendy gets an 'A' in her Anatomy class, then her boyfriend will take her out to celebrate. Her boyfriend takes her out to celebrate. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that Wendy got an 'A' in her Anatomy class." This illustrates a(n) _____.

A hypothetical syllogism is a syllogism that contains at least one conditional premise.

A weak inductive argument necessarily has _____.

Inductive generalizations always proceed from particular premises to a general conclusion.

All strong arguments have _____.

The common pattern test asks, "Are there any indicator words that signal whether the argument is intended to be deductive or inductive?"

Introduction to Critical Thinking

Recognizing Arguments

Language

Logical Fallaciesi

Logical Fallaciesii

Analyzing Arguments

Evaluating Arguments and Truth Claims

A Little Categorical Logic

A Little Propositional Logic

Inductive Reasoning

Finding, Evaluating, and Using Sources

Writing Argumentative Essays

Thinking Critically About the Media

Science and Pseudoscience

Filters