Question 1

The argument "Shadowfax is a stallion; it follows that Shadowfax is a male" is a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  argument by elimination 
B)  inductive generalization 
C)  hypothetical syllogism 
D)  argument from definition 
A)  argument by elimination 
B)  inductive generalization 
C)  hypothetical syllogism 
D)  argument from definition

Question 2

The argument "Apples purchased in grocery stores are red and juicy and rarely contain worms; this wild apple is also red and juicy; so, it probably doesn't contain any worms either." is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a causal argument 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  an inductive generalization 
D)  an argument from analogy 
A)  a causal argument 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  an inductive generalization 
D)  an argument from analogy

Question 3

Arguments in which the conclusion is claimed to follow only probably from the premises are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  plausibility arguments 
B)  deductive 
C)  abductive 
D)  inductive 
A)  plausibility arguments 
B)  deductive 
C)  abductive 
D)  inductive

Question 4

Unlike deductive arguments, inductive arguments claim that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  if the premises are true, then the conclusion is probably true 
B)  the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises 
C)  it is logically inconsistent to assert the premises and deny the conclusion 
D)  if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true 
A)  if the premises are true, then the conclusion is probably true 
B)  the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises 
C)  it is logically inconsistent to assert the premises and deny the conclusion 
D)  if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true

Question 5

Inductive arguments always proceed from particular premises to a general conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Arguments that are inductively strong and have all true premises are said to be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inductively successful 
B)  sound 
C)  cogent 
D)  reliable 
A)  inductively successful 
B)  sound 
C)  cogent 
D)  reliable

Question 7

Which of the following is not a common induction indicator word or phrase?

Accepted Answer

A)  chances are that 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  it logically follows that 
D)  likely 
A)  chances are that 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  it logically follows that 
D)  likely

Question 8

If an argument contains the words "it is a good bet that," then the argument is most likely _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive 
B)  deductive 
C)  None of the answers are correct 
D)  invalid 
A)  inductive 
B)  deductive 
C)  None of the answers are correct 
D)  invalid

Question 9

Denying the antecedent arguments have the following pattern:

Accepted Answer

A)  None of the answers are correct. 
B)  If A then B; not A; therefore, not B. 
C)  If A the B; not B; therefore, not A. 
D)  If A then B; if B then C; therefore, if A then C. 
A)  None of the answers are correct. 
B)  If A then B; not A; therefore, not B. 
C)  If A the B; not B; therefore, not A. 
D)  If A then B; if B then C; therefore, if A then C.

Question 10

According to the principle of charity test, we should never attribute to an arguer a weaker argument when the evidence reasonably permits us to attribute to the arguer a stronger one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In a(n) _____, the conclusion is claimed to depend on a comparison or similarity between two or more things.

Accepted Answer

A)  argument from definition 
B)  argument from analogy 
C)  categorical syllogism 
D)  hypothetical syllogism 
A)  argument from definition 
B)  argument from analogy 
C)  categorical syllogism 
D)  hypothetical syllogism

Question 12

Mom promised that if she makes at least $5,000 in royalties on her latest book, she will take us all to Disney World this Christmas. Well, look at these three royalty checks Mom just received for the book. One is for $829. One is for $2273. And one is for $3188. Looks like we are probably going to Disney World! This illustrates a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  strong inductive argument 
B)  weak inductive argument 
C)  valid deductive argument 
D)  invalid deductive argument 
A)  strong inductive argument 
B)  weak inductive argument 
C)  valid deductive argument 
D)  invalid deductive argument

Question 13

The argument "No Buddhists are Christians; some San Pedrans are Christians; so, some San Pedrans are not Buddhists." is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a categorical syllogism 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  an inductive generalization 
D)  an argument by definition 
A)  a categorical syllogism 
B)  None of the answers are correct 
C)  an inductive generalization 
D)  an argument by definition

Question 14

"Certainly," "conclusively," and "it logically follows that" are common deduction indicator words and phrases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

No valid argument can have all true premises and a false conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

"Ollie fell sick only minutes after he ate a mushroom in the woods. It is a good bet that the mushroom caused him to be sick." This illustrates a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  invalid deductive argument 
B)  weak inductive argument 
C)  valid deductive argument 
D)  strong inductive argument 
A)  invalid deductive argument 
B)  weak inductive argument 
C)  valid deductive argument 
D)  strong inductive argument

Question 17

Which of the following is true of modus ponens?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a logically reliable pattern of deductive reasoning. 
B)  It has a probably false conclusion. 
C)  It refers to a Latin expression that means "negative mode." 
D)  It is a very common pattern of inductive reasoning. 
A)  It is a logically reliable pattern of deductive reasoning. 
B)  It has a probably false conclusion. 
C)  It refers to a Latin expression that means "negative mode." 
D)  It is a very common pattern of inductive reasoning.

The argument "Shadowfax is a stallion; it follows that Shadowfax is a male" is a(n) _____.

The argument "Apples purchased in grocery stores are red and juicy and rarely contain worms; this wild apple is also red and juicy; so, it probably doesn't contain any worms either." is _____.

Arguments in which the conclusion is claimed to follow only probably from the premises are _____.

Unlike deductive arguments, inductive arguments claim that _____.

Inductive arguments always proceed from particular premises to a general conclusion.

Arguments that are inductively strong and have all true premises are said to be _____.

Which of the following is not a common induction indicator word or phrase?

If an argument contains the words "it is a good bet that," then the argument is most likely _____.

Denying the antecedent arguments have the following pattern:

According to the principle of charity test, we should never attribute to an arguer a weaker argument when the evidence reasonably permits us to attribute to the arguer a stronger one.

In a(n) _____, the conclusion is claimed to depend on a comparison or similarity between two or more things.

The argument "No Buddhists are Christians; some San Pedrans are Christians; so, some San Pedrans are not Buddhists." is _____.

"Certainly," "conclusively," and "it logically follows that" are common deduction indicator words and phrases.

No valid argument can have all true premises and a false conclusion.

"Ollie fell sick only minutes after he ate a mushroom in the woods. It is a good bet that the mushroom caused him to be sick." This illustrates a(n) _____.

Which of the following is true of modus ponens?

Introduction to Critical Thinking

Recognizing Arguments

Language

Logical Fallaciesi

Logical Fallaciesii

Analyzing Arguments

Evaluating Arguments and Truth Claims

A Little Categorical Logic

A Little Propositional Logic

Inductive Reasoning

Finding, Evaluating, and Using Sources

Writing Argumentative Essays

Thinking Critically About the Media

Science and Pseudoscience

Filters

Exam 3: Basic Logical Concepts

The argument "Shadowfax is a stallion; it follows that Shadowfax is a male" is a(n) _____.

The argument "Apples purchased in grocery stores are red and juicy and rarely contain worms; this wild apple is also red and juicy; so, it probably doesn't contain any worms either." is _____.

Arguments in which the conclusion is claimed to follow only probably from the premises are _____.

Unlike deductive arguments, inductive arguments claim that _____.

Inductive arguments always proceed from particular premises to a general conclusion.

Arguments that are inductively strong and have all true premises are said to be _____.

Which of the following is not a common induction indicator word or phrase?

If an argument contains the words "it is a good bet that," then the argument is most likely _____.

Denying the antecedent arguments have the following pattern:

According to the principle of charity test, we should never attribute to an arguer a weaker argument when the evidence reasonably permits us to attribute to the arguer a stronger one.

In a(n) _____, the conclusion is claimed to depend on a comparison or similarity between two or more things.

The argument "No Buddhists are Christians; some San Pedrans are Christians; so, some San Pedrans are not Buddhists." is _____.

"Certainly," "conclusively," and "it logically follows that" are common deduction indicator words and phrases.

No valid argument can have all true premises and a false conclusion.

"Ollie fell sick only minutes after he ate a mushroom in the woods. It is a good bet that the mushroom caused him to be sick." This illustrates a(n) _____.

Which of the following is true of modus ponens?

Introduction to Critical Thinking

Recognizing Arguments

Language

Logical Fallaciesi

Logical Fallaciesii

Analyzing Arguments

Evaluating Arguments and Truth Claims

A Little Categorical Logic

A Little Propositional Logic

Inductive Reasoning

Finding, Evaluating, and Using Sources

Writing Argumentative Essays

Thinking Critically About the Media

Science and Pseudoscience

Filters