Question 1

What is the role of histamine in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Histamine increases the permeability of the capillaries for fluid release into the infected area. 
B)  Histamine alerts neighboring cells of an infecting virus. 
C)  Histamine regulates the general immune responses. 
D)  Histamine activates helper T cells. 
A)  Histamine increases the permeability of the capillaries for fluid release into the infected area. 
B)  Histamine alerts neighboring cells of an infecting virus. 
C)  Histamine regulates the general immune responses. 
D)  Histamine activates helper T cells.

Question 2

Inorganic molecules are important nutrients used in cellular processes to produce energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The general regulations for social distancing mandate a minimum distance of ________blank feet from other people.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  8 
A)  6 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  8

Question 4

All viruses are made up of two components. These components are

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein capsid and genetic material, in the form of either RNA or DNA. 
B)  RNA and DNA. 
C)  a plasma membrane and DNA within a nucleus. 
D)  fiber proteins that extend from the body of the virus and one or more tails that are used for locomotion. 
A)  a protein capsid and genetic material, in the form of either RNA or DNA. 
B)  RNA and DNA. 
C)  a plasma membrane and DNA within a nucleus. 
D)  fiber proteins that extend from the body of the virus and one or more tails that are used for locomotion.

Question 5

Complement proteins enhance the innate immune response by (check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  enhancing inflammation. 
B)  lysing cells. 
C)  marking cells for phagocytosis. 
D)  assisting in the presentation of antigens to the adaptive immune system. 
E)  secreting antibodies. 
A)  enhancing inflammation. 
B)  lysing cells. 
C)  marking cells for phagocytosis. 
D)  assisting in the presentation of antigens to the adaptive immune system. 
E)  secreting antibodies.

Question 6

How does SARS-CoV-2 identify a potential host cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  The S protein identifies a receptor called ACE-2 on the surface of the host cell. 
B)  The E protein identifies a receptor called ACE-2 on the surface of the host cell. 
C)  The M protein identifies a receptor called ACE-2 on the surface of the host cell. 
D)  The virus identifies a specific type of ion channel in the cell membrane. 
A)  The S protein identifies a receptor called ACE-2 on the surface of the host cell. 
B)  The E protein identifies a receptor called ACE-2 on the surface of the host cell. 
C)  The M protein identifies a receptor called ACE-2 on the surface of the host cell. 
D)  The virus identifies a specific type of ion channel in the cell membrane.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absorbs proteins from food in the form of amino acids 
B)  Detoxifies blood by filtering poisonous substances 
C)  Produces insulin and glucagon 
D)  Absorbs water 
E)  Filters out nitrogenous wastes 
A)  Absorbs proteins from food in the form of amino acids 
B)  Detoxifies blood by filtering poisonous substances 
C)  Produces insulin and glucagon 
D)  Absorbs water 
E)  Filters out nitrogenous wastes

Question 8

Why are new flu vaccinations required each year?

Accepted Answer

A)  The vaccination does contain enough preservatives to last in the body longer than a year. 
B)  The flu virus mutates frequently. 
C)  The flu virus can become latent, meaning it can hide from the immune system within the body, so new vaccinations are important to allow for continuing immunity. 
D)  The vaccination does not contain enough antigens to create a lasting immune response. 
A)  The vaccination does contain enough preservatives to last in the body longer than a year. 
B)  The flu virus mutates frequently. 
C)  The flu virus can become latent, meaning it can hide from the immune system within the body, so new vaccinations are important to allow for continuing immunity. 
D)  The vaccination does not contain enough antigens to create a lasting immune response.

Question 9

Which of these best describes a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  a multicellular parasite 
B)  the smallest bacteria known 
C)  an invasive cell that cannot stop reproducing 
D)  a noncellular complex of RNA or DNA protected by a protein capsid 
A)  a multicellular parasite 
B)  the smallest bacteria known 
C)  an invasive cell that cannot stop reproducing 
D)  a noncellular complex of RNA or DNA protected by a protein capsid

Question 10

Like all nutrient class, carbohydrates are broken down at multiple points throughout digestion. In the small intestines,

Accepted Answer

A)  monosaccharides and disaccharides are absorbed. 
B)  fiber bulks to form feces. 
C)  fiber is used by some bacteria. 
D)  starch breakdown ends with the increase of pH causing amylase denaturing. 
A)  monosaccharides and disaccharides are absorbed. 
B)  fiber bulks to form feces. 
C)  fiber is used by some bacteria. 
D)  starch breakdown ends with the increase of pH causing amylase denaturing.

Question 11

The Great Pestilence, which occurred in the year 1576, was an unknown illness characterized by high fevers and bleeding. The disease caused millions of deaths in Mexico, resulting in the collapse of some Indigenous populations. This disease would be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  an outbreak. 
B)  endemic. 
C)  a pandemic. 
D)  an epidemic. 
A)  an outbreak. 
B)  endemic. 
C)  a pandemic. 
D)  an epidemic.

Question 12

Which of the following disorders results from the inability of the immune system to differentiate self from non-self?

Accepted Answer

A)  lupus and rheumatoid arthritis 
B)  Type II diabetes and heart disease 
C)  lung and skin cancer 
D)  influenza and pneumonia 
A)  lupus and rheumatoid arthritis 
B)  Type II diabetes and heart disease 
C)  lung and skin cancer 
D)  influenza and pneumonia

Question 13

Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein have resulted in the formation of variants such as Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. These small variations in the spike protein are an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  antigenic drift. 
B)  antigenic shift. 
C)  artificial selection. 
D)  the founder effect. 
A)  antigenic drift. 
B)  antigenic shift. 
C)  artificial selection. 
D)  the founder effect.

Question 14

Individuals that develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are in what phase of a COVID-19 infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  asymptomatic phase 
B)  pulmonary phase 
C)  hyperinflammation phase 
A)  asymptomatic phase 
B)  pulmonary phase 
C)  hyperinflammation phase

Question 15

A patient visits a doctor because the patient is having difficulty metabolizing fats. What vitamin supplement might a physician recommend to help with this disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Niacin 
B)  Biotin 
C)  Pantothenic acid 
D)  Riboflavin 
A)  Niacin 
B)  Biotin 
C)  Pantothenic acid 
D)  Riboflavin

Question 16

Darwin explained his idea of descent with modification by proposing the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  gene mutation. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
D)  catastrophism. 
A)  gene mutation. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
D)  catastrophism.

Question 17

Chemical, mechanical, and ______ energy are important forms of energy that support life processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chemical, mechanical, and ______ energy are important...

Question 18

Which of the following best distinguishes the genetic material of a virus from the genetic material of a living organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The viral genome always consists of RNA rather than DNA. 
B)  The viral genome contains more genes. 
C)  The viral genome is contained within a structure known as a capsid. 
D)  The viral genome is less prone to mutation. 
A)  The viral genome always consists of RNA rather than DNA. 
B)  The viral genome contains more genes. 
C)  The viral genome is contained within a structure known as a capsid. 
D)  The viral genome is less prone to mutation.

Question 19

Why are lipids added to a mRNA vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipids are added to cushion and protect the fragile mRNA molecules during storage and transport. 
B)  Lipids are added to the vaccine to protect it from temperature variations during storage. 
C)  The lipids function as a preservative which protects the vaccine from bacterial and fungal contamination. 
D)  The lipids are added to the vaccine to assist the mRNA molecules in entering the cell. 
A)  Lipids are added to cushion and protect the fragile mRNA molecules during storage and transport. 
B)  Lipids are added to the vaccine to protect it from temperature variations during storage. 
C)  The lipids function as a preservative which protects the vaccine from bacterial and fungal contamination. 
D)  The lipids are added to the vaccine to assist the mRNA molecules in entering the cell.

Question 20

Monomers are linked together by removing a ______ from one monomer, and a ______ from another monomer.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxyl group; hydrogen 
B)  hydroxyl group; hydroxyl group 
C)  carboxyl group; hydrogen 
D)  carboxyl group; phosphate 
E)  hydroxyl group; carboxyl group 
A)  hydroxyl group; hydrogen 
B)  hydroxyl group; hydroxyl group 
C)  carboxyl group; hydrogen 
D)  carboxyl group; phosphate 
E)  hydroxyl group; carboxyl group

What is the role of histamine in the immune response?

Inorganic molecules are important nutrients used in cellular processes to produce energy.

The general regulations for social distancing mandate a minimum distance of ________blank feet from other people.

All viruses are made up of two components. These components are

Complement proteins enhance the innate immune response by (check all that apply.)

How does SARS-CoV-2 identify a potential host cell?

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

Why are new flu vaccinations required each year?

Which of these best describes a virus?

Like all nutrient class, carbohydrates are broken down at multiple points throughout digestion. In the small intestines,

The Great Pestilence, which occurred in the year 1576, was an unknown illness characterized by high fevers and bleeding. The disease caused millions of deaths in Mexico, resulting in the collapse of some Indigenous populations. This disease would be described as

Which of the following disorders results from the inability of the immune system to differentiate self from non-self?

Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein have resulted in the formation of variants such as Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. These small variations in the spike protein are an example of

Individuals that develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are in what phase of a COVID-19 infection?

A patient visits a doctor because the patient is having difficulty metabolizing fats. What vitamin supplement might a physician recommend to help with this disorder?

Darwin explained his idea of descent with modification by proposing the concept of

Chemical, mechanical, and ______ energy are important forms of energy that support life processes.

Which of the following best distinguishes the genetic material of a virus from the genetic material of a living organism?

Why are lipids added to a mRNA vaccine?

Monomers are linked together by removing a from one monomer, and a from another monomer.

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Exam 4: Nutrient Types and Energy Processes

What is the role of histamine in the immune response?

Inorganic molecules are important nutrients used in cellular processes to produce energy.

The general regulations for social distancing mandate a minimum distance of ________blank feet from other people.

All viruses are made up of two components. These components are

Complement proteins enhance the innate immune response by (check all that apply.)

How does SARS-CoV-2 identify a potential host cell?

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

Why are new flu vaccinations required each year?

Which of these best describes a virus?

Like all nutrient class, carbohydrates are broken down at multiple points throughout digestion. In the small intestines,

The Great Pestilence, which occurred in the year 1576, was an unknown illness characterized by high fevers and bleeding. The disease caused millions of deaths in Mexico, resulting in the collapse of some Indigenous populations. This disease would be described as

Which of the following disorders results from the inability of the immune system to differentiate self from non-self?

Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein have resulted in the formation of variants such as Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. These small variations in the spike protein are an example of

Individuals that develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are in what phase of a COVID-19 infection?

A patient visits a doctor because the patient is having difficulty metabolizing fats. What vitamin supplement might a physician recommend to help with this disorder?

Darwin explained his idea of descent with modification by proposing the concept of

Chemical, mechanical, and ______ energy are important forms of energy that support life processes.

Which of the following best distinguishes the genetic material of a virus from the genetic material of a living organism?

Why are lipids added to a mRNA vaccine?

Monomers are linked together by removing a ______ from one monomer, and a ______ from another monomer.

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Monomers are linked together by removing a from one monomer, and a from another monomer.