Exam 2: Values and Ethics

Assumptions are:

More Matching: Tests for Ethical Decision Making. Match each example to the test which is considered in the example. -It is 3:00 a.m. and you are driving on a city street with virtually no traffic. You come to a red light, and consider passing through the intersection, despite the red light. Then you ask yourself, "What if everyone who drove decided it was O.K. to bend the traffic rules, whenever they decided the traffic rules weren't 'applicable' at that time?"

Match the correct ethical system with the value assumption: -Value assumption: The highest ethical values are universal ethical principles, such as honesty and respect for others; these principles are considered to be self-evident and obvious to rational individuals of every culture.

More Matching -A statement or conclusion about an issue

Considering the four ethical tests listed in the previous question, choose one test and apply it to the following situation: your roommate, spouse, or child asks you to tell callers he or she isn't home, when he actually is home. Describe the test you are applying to the situation and document your analysis of the application here:

Matching: Common Rationalizations -This rationalization could apply to fairly well-off, middle-class families who put all their financial assets into relatives' names at the time that their college-age children enter college, so that the students can "qualify" for financial grants based on the neediness of their families.

Explain value conflicts, using two examples.

Matching: Common Rationalizations -This rationalization is based on the false assumption that one can deem an action to be so necessary that ethics are not a consideration in choosing this action.

Match the correct ethical system with the value assumption: -Value assumption: The highest ethical values are based on faith and spiritual truth, such as loving God and one's neighbor.

More Matching -Statements given to support conclusions

Match the correct ethical system with the value assumption: -Value assumption: The highest value is to promote individual liberty.

In Toulmin's Model, "warrants" are reasons that state to support conclusions.

Match the correct ethical system with the value assumption: -Value assumption: The highest value is that which promotes the greatest general happiness and minimizes unhappiness.

Matching: Common Rationalizations -This rationalization might be used by a coach who allows the child of a major donor to new athletic fields to be the "star" of the team when in reality, the student is on a par with his or her teammates. The rationalization underestimates the subtle ways in which gratitude, friendship, and favors affect judgment.