Exam 5: Drugs, Addiction, and Reward

Marlena was at a party with her friends when she started to feel confused and tired. She had been drinking soda, not alcohol, but she passed out. Her friends took her to the hospital, and her doctors discovered that she had unknowingly consumed ______.

Depressants have which of the following effects?

The connections between drugs of abuse and cues surrounding drug use involve activity in the ______.

The immediate effects of amphetamines are to energize behavior, but once coming down from the "high," users experience depression. Which impacted neurotransmitter accounts for this depression?

The pleasurable feeling following alcohol consumption results from the effects alcohol has on which receptors?

Psychedelics act on serotonin or NMDA receptors.

The muscle twitching that may occur following cigarette smoking is the result of ______.

In addition to dopamine, what other neurotransmitter has been linked to the reward/addiction circuit?

Which of the following is true of the glutamatergic pathways to the nucleus accumbens that develop during drug use?

Marco had been having panic attacks and was experiencing high levels of anxiety. In addition to psychotherapy, his doctor also prescribed which type of medication to assist Marco?

Explain two pieces of evidence that show a role for environment in drug addiction.

During drug use, new ______ pathways develop between the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex.

Using cocaine once can result in brain changes that make that drug more rewarding.

MDMA acts as a stimulant at low doses, while it has ______ effects at higher doses.

Alcohol exerts its major effects on the ______ receptor, a complex that has at least five kinds of receptors.

Brady recently broke a bone in his arm and underwent surgery to have the bone repaired. What type of drug would Brady's doctors have prescribed to treat his postoperative pain?

Dopamine is the only neurotransmitter involved in the reward/addiction circuit.

Which of the following supports the view that addiction should not be defined only by the user's desire to avoid withdrawal symptoms?

Which addiction treatment approach works to help the addict "unlearn" associations between craving and cues related to drug use?

Jackson suffered a stroke that severely damaged his nucleus accumbens. How will that impact his behavior?