Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding PGO waves?

Accepted Answer

A)  They begin about 90 minutes prior to REM. 
B)  They travel from the pons, through the lateral geniculate nucleus, to the occipital lobe. 
C)  They travel from the pons, through the medial geniculate nucleus, to the orexin-releasing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. 
D)  They are likely responsible for dreaming in non-REM sleep. 
A)  They begin about 90 minutes prior to REM. 
B)  They travel from the pons, through the lateral geniculate nucleus, to the occipital lobe. 
C)  They travel from the pons, through the medial geniculate nucleus, to the orexin-releasing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. 
D)  They are likely responsible for dreaming in non-REM sleep. B

Question 2

John's wife has recently required him to see a doctor about his sleep because he has been moving around while asleep and even dragged her out of bed one night. Which sleep disorder is John most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy 
B)  insomnia 
C)  REM sleep behavior disorder 
D)  lucid dreaming 
A)  narcolepsy 
B)  insomnia 
C)  REM sleep behavior disorder 
D)  lucid dreaming C

Question 3

People with insomnia could attempt to treat the problem by going to bed earlier at night or by trying to go to bed later at night. Contrast these two approaches to treating insomnia.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that it is easier for people to delay sleep time than it is for them to go to bed earlier. By treating insomnia with a later bedtime, the circadian clock can be reset so that sleep time, as well as other related rhythms such as body temperature, occur to maximize nighttime sleep. For example, it is easier for people to fall asleep when their body temperature is lower, and sleep efficiency is also better with a low body temperature than with a high body temperature. Trying to treat insomnia with an earlier bedtime would be much more difficult to do.

Question 4

The ______ is a cortical brain area that coordinates brain activity with brain stem and subcortical areas in order to generate conscious experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  rostral dorsolateral pontine tegmentum 
B)  intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus 
C)  anterior insular cortex 
D)  brain stem 
A)  rostral dorsolateral pontine tegmentum 
B)  intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus 
C)  anterior insular cortex 
D)  brain stem

Question 5

Kevin has difficulty taking the perspective of others, and he does not relate to other people emotionally. Which disorder involving the self might Kevin be diagnosed with?

Accepted Answer

A)  autism spectrum disorder 
B)  split brain 
C)  out-of-body disorder 
D)  phantom limb 
A)  autism spectrum disorder 
B)  split brain 
C)  out-of-body disorder 
D)  phantom limb

Question 6

What observation has supported the idea that dissociative identity disorder might involve learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dissociative identity disorder is not related to a history of childhood abuse. 
B)  Hippocampal damage can result from childhood abuse and is shown in dissociative identity disorder. 
C)  Different alters show different cardiovascular activity patterns. 
D)  Different alters show different skin conductance patterns. 
A)  Dissociative identity disorder is not related to a history of childhood abuse. 
B)  Hippocampal damage can result from childhood abuse and is shown in dissociative identity disorder. 
C)  Different alters show different cardiovascular activity patterns. 
D)  Different alters show different skin conductance patterns.

Question 7

Jet lag is most severe when traveling from ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  north to south 
B)  south to north 
C)  east to west 
D)  west to east 
A)  north to south 
B)  south to north 
C)  east to west 
D)  west to east

Question 8

The "basic rest and activity cycle" discussed in your book ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  is demonstrated by the variations in EEG activity 
B)  is approximately 4 hours long 
C)  is absent in blind individuals 
D)  includes changes in body temperature 
A)  is demonstrated by the variations in EEG activity 
B)  is approximately 4 hours long 
C)  is absent in blind individuals 
D)  includes changes in body temperature

Question 9

Assess the contributions of REM and non-REM sleep to learning.

Accepted Answer

Much research has shown that both REM an

Question 10

Melatonin is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a hormone that induces sleep 
B)  a hormone that inhibits sleep 
C)  A hormone that is released in lower quantities following exposure to darkness 
D)  ineffective in people who are partially blind 
A)  a hormone that induces sleep 
B)  a hormone that inhibits sleep 
C)  A hormone that is released in lower quantities following exposure to darkness 
D)  ineffective in people who are partially blind

Question 11

Elmer is 80 years old and has been diagnosed with dementia. When Elmer sees his reflection in a mirror or window, he no longer recognizes himself and instead starts yelling at the man in the mirror. Which part of consciousness appears to be disrupted in Elmer?

Accepted Answer

A)  awareness 
B)  attention 
C)  default mode network 
D)  sense of self 
A)  awareness 
B)  attention 
C)  default mode network 
D)  sense of self

Question 12

What is one reason why scientists have proposed that the claustrum could be the executive brain area for consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A)  The claustrum is densely connected with sensory, motor, and limbic areas. 
B)  The claustrum is located in the neocortex. 
C)  The claustrum synchronizes its activity with the prefrontal lobe via gamma oscillations. 
D)  Lesions of the claustrum result in brain death. 
A)  The claustrum is densely connected with sensory, motor, and limbic areas. 
B)  The claustrum is located in the neocortex. 
C)  The claustrum synchronizes its activity with the prefrontal lobe via gamma oscillations. 
D)  Lesions of the claustrum result in brain death.

Question 13

Explain what the following have added to our understanding of what self-awareness is: body image, mirror neurons, split-brain surgery, and DID.

Accepted Answer

The sense of self includes multiple comp

Question 14

A gene in the human leukocyte antigen family has been linked to an increased risk of which sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  insomnia 
B)  sleepwalking 
C)  sexsomnia 
D)  sleep-related eating disorder 
A)  insomnia 
B)  sleepwalking 
C)  sexsomnia 
D)  sleep-related eating disorder

Question 15

Which of the following brain structures is part of the salience network in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus 
B)  intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus 
C)  rostral dorsolateral pontine tegmentum 
D)  anterior cingulate 
A)  medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus 
B)  intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus 
C)  rostral dorsolateral pontine tegmentum 
D)  anterior cingulate

Question 16

After hearing a loud noise in her apartment, Katie was in an alert state. When she entered her bedroom, she was relieved to see that her cat had knocked some books onto the floor. Which brain area would have been actively involved in Katie's conscious awareness of her cat?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary visual cortex 
B)  primary auditory cortex 
C)  parietal cortex 
D)  pons 
A)  primary visual cortex 
B)  primary auditory cortex 
C)  parietal cortex 
D)  pons

Question 17

Explain the effect of darkness on human activity cycles and what cues (or loss of cues) seem to be important for regulating the cycles.

Accepted Answer

As shown in the study of the Greenpeace

Question 18

Emma has been asleep for nearly two hours, and she is shifting from a period of vivid dreaming to a stage of dreams with less imagery. Which portion of the brain initiated this switch in her sleep cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  PGO wave 
B)  basal forebrain 
C)  lateral hypothalamus 
D)  sublaterodorsal nucleus of pons 
A)  PGO wave 
B)  basal forebrain 
C)  lateral hypothalamus 
D)  sublaterodorsal nucleus of pons

Question 19

In dissociative identity disorder, neuroscientists have found that "alters" differ from one another in ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  skin conductance 
B)  hippocampal size 
C)  amygdala size 
D)  white matter connectivity 
A)  skin conductance 
B)  hippocampal size 
C)  amygdala size 
D)  white matter connectivity

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the neural control of waking?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cortex must begin the waking process and send signals to lower brain areas that are involved in arousal. 
B)  The brain stem must begin the waking process and send signals to higher brain areas that are involved in arousal. 
C)  The midbrain, by itself, controls the waking process. 
D)  There are arousal centers in both the brain stem and the forebrain that coordinate waking with other brain areas. 
A)  The cortex must begin the waking process and send signals to lower brain areas that are involved in arousal. 
B)  The brain stem must begin the waking process and send signals to higher brain areas that are involved in arousal. 
C)  The midbrain, by itself, controls the waking process. 
D)  There are arousal centers in both the brain stem and the forebrain that coordinate waking with other brain areas.

Which of the following is true regarding PGO waves?

John's wife has recently required him to see a doctor about his sleep because he has been moving around while asleep and even dragged her out of bed one night. Which sleep disorder is John most likely experiencing?

People with insomnia could attempt to treat the problem by going to bed earlier at night or by trying to go to bed later at night. Contrast these two approaches to treating insomnia.

The ______ is a cortical brain area that coordinates brain activity with brain stem and subcortical areas in order to generate conscious experience.

Kevin has difficulty taking the perspective of others, and he does not relate to other people emotionally. Which disorder involving the self might Kevin be diagnosed with?

What observation has supported the idea that dissociative identity disorder might involve learning?

Jet lag is most severe when traveling from ______.

The "basic rest and activity cycle" discussed in your book ______.

Assess the contributions of REM and non-REM sleep to learning.

Melatonin is ______.

Elmer is 80 years old and has been diagnosed with dementia. When Elmer sees his reflection in a mirror or window, he no longer recognizes himself and instead starts yelling at the man in the mirror. Which part of consciousness appears to be disrupted in Elmer?

What is one reason why scientists have proposed that the claustrum could be the executive brain area for consciousness?

Explain what the following have added to our understanding of what self-awareness is: body image, mirror neurons, split-brain surgery, and DID.

A gene in the human leukocyte antigen family has been linked to an increased risk of which sleep disorder?

Which of the following brain structures is part of the salience network in the brain?

After hearing a loud noise in her apartment, Katie was in an alert state. When she entered her bedroom, she was relieved to see that her cat had knocked some books onto the floor. Which brain area would have been actively involved in Katie's conscious awareness of her cat?

Explain the effect of darkness on human activity cycles and what cues (or loss of cues) seem to be important for regulating the cycles.

Emma has been asleep for nearly two hours, and she is shifting from a period of vivid dreaming to a stage of dreams with less imagery. Which portion of the brain initiated this switch in her sleep cycle?

In dissociative identity disorder, neuroscientists have found that "alters" differ from one another in ______.

Which of the following is true about the neural control of waking?

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Communication Within the Nervous System

The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System

The Methods and Ethics of Research

Drugs, Addiction, and Reward

Motivation and the Regulation of Internal States

The Biology of Sex and Gender

Emotion and Health

Hearing and Language

Vision and Visual Perception

The Body Senses and Movement

Learning and Memory

Intelligence and Cognitive Functioning

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 15: Sleep and Consciousness

Which of the following is true regarding PGO waves?

John's wife has recently required him to see a doctor about his sleep because he has been moving around while asleep and even dragged her out of bed one night. Which sleep disorder is John most likely experiencing?

People with insomnia could attempt to treat the problem by going to bed earlier at night or by trying to go to bed later at night. Contrast these two approaches to treating insomnia.

The ______ is a cortical brain area that coordinates brain activity with brain stem and subcortical areas in order to generate conscious experience.

Kevin has difficulty taking the perspective of others, and he does not relate to other people emotionally. Which disorder involving the self might Kevin be diagnosed with?

What observation has supported the idea that dissociative identity disorder might involve learning?

Jet lag is most severe when traveling from ______.

The "basic rest and activity cycle" discussed in your book ______.

Assess the contributions of REM and non-REM sleep to learning.

Melatonin is ______.

Elmer is 80 years old and has been diagnosed with dementia. When Elmer sees his reflection in a mirror or window, he no longer recognizes himself and instead starts yelling at the man in the mirror. Which part of consciousness appears to be disrupted in Elmer?

What is one reason why scientists have proposed that the claustrum could be the executive brain area for consciousness?

Explain what the following have added to our understanding of what self-awareness is: body image, mirror neurons, split-brain surgery, and DID.

A gene in the human leukocyte antigen family has been linked to an increased risk of which sleep disorder?

Which of the following brain structures is part of the salience network in the brain?

After hearing a loud noise in her apartment, Katie was in an alert state. When she entered her bedroom, she was relieved to see that her cat had knocked some books onto the floor. Which brain area would have been actively involved in Katie's conscious awareness of her cat?

Explain the effect of darkness on human activity cycles and what cues (or loss of cues) seem to be important for regulating the cycles.

Emma has been asleep for nearly two hours, and she is shifting from a period of vivid dreaming to a stage of dreams with less imagery. Which portion of the brain initiated this switch in her sleep cycle?

In dissociative identity disorder, neuroscientists have found that "alters" differ from one another in ______.

Which of the following is true about the neural control of waking?

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Communication Within the Nervous System

The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System

The Methods and Ethics of Research

Drugs, Addiction, and Reward

Motivation and the Regulation of Internal States

The Biology of Sex and Gender

Emotion and Health

Hearing and Language

Vision and Visual Perception

The Body Senses and Movement

Learning and Memory

Intelligence and Cognitive Functioning

Psychological Disorders

Filters