Question 1

What method do scientists use to obtain information?

Accepted Answer

A)  logic 
B)  intuition 
C)  assumption 
D)  observation 
A)  logic 
B)  intuition 
C)  assumption 
D)  observation D

Question 2

Explain why science is considered to be "tentative" and not merely a collection of facts.

Accepted Answer

One of the key features of science is that it allows for self-correction. Studies are conducted, and those provide information about the world, but that information can only be applied to circumstances that were similar to the ones of a study. As more studies are conducted with differing conditions, the conclusions about a broad topic, such as plasticity in the adult nervous system, will change. In addition, new technology comes about that allows scientists to be more precise in their measurements or to even measure things that they could not before. Science requires incorporating information from multiple studies over time to determine accurate properties of the world.

Question 3

Which of the following instruments is a map of the brain that shows the 3-dimensional location of brain structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrode probe 
B)  microelectrode 
C)  stereotaxic instrument 
D)  stereotaxic atlas 
A)  electrode probe 
B)  microelectrode 
C)  stereotaxic instrument 
D)  stereotaxic atlas D

Question 4

When using fMRI to find increased activity in relation to a behavioral task, researchers should ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  target only specific brain areas 
B)  scan the entire brain to avoid missing interesting areas of activation 
C)  let the participants rest for 5 minutes after injecting the radioactive isotope 
D)  avoid repeating conditions, as that would require repeated radioactive exposures 
A)  target only specific brain areas 
B)  scan the entire brain to avoid missing interesting areas of activation 
C)  let the participants rest for 5 minutes after injecting the radioactive isotope 
D)  avoid repeating conditions, as that would require repeated radioactive exposures

Question 5

Which of the following is true of TMS?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a noninvasive technique. 
B)  It involves injecting a chemical into the brain. 
C)  It can only be used for research purposes. 
D)  It cannot be used in humans. 
A)  It is a noninvasive technique. 
B)  It involves injecting a chemical into the brain. 
C)  It can only be used for research purposes. 
D)  It cannot be used in humans.

Question 6

What is one limitation of correlational studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Confounds cannot be part of these studies. 
B)  This type of study is not very ethical. 
C)  This type of study is very artificial. 
D)  Cause and effect cannot be determined from these types of studies. 
A)  Confounds cannot be part of these studies. 
B)  This type of study is not very ethical. 
C)  This type of study is very artificial. 
D)  Cause and effect cannot be determined from these types of studies.

Question 7

Which of the following is a requirement for a good theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It must be testable. 
B)  It must interpret 50% of the observations about a phenomenon. 
C)  It must refute other theories. 
D)  It must be made before any observations can be performed. 
A)  It must be testable. 
B)  It must interpret 50% of the observations about a phenomenon. 
C)  It must refute other theories. 
D)  It must be made before any observations can be performed.

Question 8

What is the primary source of embryonic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  cells that were generated in adults and then reverted to an embryonic state 
B)  embryos generated for scientific purposes only 
C)  aborted fetuses 
D)  extra embryos created for fertility treatments 
A)  cells that were generated in adults and then reverted to an embryonic state 
B)  embryos generated for scientific purposes only 
C)  aborted fetuses 
D)  extra embryos created for fertility treatments

Question 9

In gene therapy, new genes can be incorporated into the body using ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  oral supplements 
B)  disabled viruses 
C)  antisense RNA 
D)  knockouts 
A)  oral supplements 
B)  disabled viruses 
C)  antisense RNA 
D)  knockouts

Question 10

Which of the following is true of individuals who have suffered brain trauma?

Accepted Answer

A)  They provide little information about how the brain functions. 
B)  They have been extremely valuable sources of information. 
C)  They provide the most accurate information about how the brain functions. 
D)  They usually have damage to highly specific brain areas. 
A)  They provide little information about how the brain functions. 
B)  They have been extremely valuable sources of information. 
C)  They provide the most accurate information about how the brain functions. 
D)  They usually have damage to highly specific brain areas.

Question 11

Using brain imaging techniques to determine which brain areas are activated when a person remembers an emotional event is an example of a(n) ______ study.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational 
B)  experimental 
C)  case 
D)  survey 
A)  correlational 
B)  experimental 
C)  case 
D)  survey

Question 12

Immunocytochemistry techniques exploit the ability of antibodies to carry a dye to specific ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  myelin 
B)  glial cells 
C)  axon terminals 
D)  cellular components 
A)  myelin 
B)  glial cells 
C)  axon terminals 
D)  cellular components

Question 13

The EEG has good temporal resolution but poor ______ resolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  visual 
B)  auditory 
C)  spatial 
D)  temporal 
A)  visual 
B)  auditory 
C)  spatial 
D)  temporal

Question 14

What is one reason why scientists are moving slowly regarding the therapeutic use of stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stem cells have little potential for treating human diseases. 
B)  Stem cell therapies can be passed on to future generations without their consent. 
C)  Stem cells can migrate from where they were implanted into other tissues of the body. 
D)  The consequences of stem cell therapies have been clearly identified and are negative. 
A)  Stem cells have little potential for treating human diseases. 
B)  Stem cell therapies can be passed on to future generations without their consent. 
C)  Stem cells can migrate from where they were implanted into other tissues of the body. 
D)  The consequences of stem cell therapies have been clearly identified and are negative.

Question 15

Dr. Schaffer is interested in studying the link between social activities and grades in school. Students are all required to complete survey forms related to this research. If a survey form is not completed by the end of the semester, a student's grade is reduced by 10 points, but the students were not told of this contingency. In this case, it could be argued that Dr. Schaffer's research violates the ethical principle of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  deception 
B)  informed consent 
C)  fabrication 
D)  citation 
A)  deception 
B)  informed consent 
C)  fabrication 
D)  citation

Question 16

How does the scientific practice of drawing conclusions from samples of subjects impact the conclusions that scientists draw?

Accepted Answer

A)  Samples of subjects will never be like other groups of nonstudied people. 
B)  Samples of subjects are too small to influence conclusions. 
C)  Samples of subjects cannot be observed. 
D)  Samples may include one or two individuals whose behavior is unusual enough to change the study results. 
A)  Samples of subjects will never be like other groups of nonstudied people. 
B)  Samples of subjects are too small to influence conclusions. 
C)  Samples of subjects cannot be observed. 
D)  Samples may include one or two individuals whose behavior is unusual enough to change the study results.

Question 17

Estimates of how often relatives are similar in a trait are ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  heritability 
B)  twin studies 
C)  concordance rates 
D)  causal explanations 
A)  heritability 
B)  twin studies 
C)  concordance rates 
D)  causal explanations

Question 18

Stereotaxic instruments are only made for use in nonhuman animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is one ethical concern regarding gene research?

Accepted Answer

A)  All people could become genetically enhanced. 
B)  Someone could be denied employment because of the results of their genetic testing. 
C)  Gene therapy would only be used in animals. 
D)  Genes have little effect on disease progression. 
A)  All people could become genetically enhanced. 
B)  Someone could be denied employment because of the results of their genetic testing. 
C)  Gene therapy would only be used in animals. 
D)  Genes have little effect on disease progression.

Question 20

Kara wants to stimulate a subset of nerve cells in the thalamofugal pathway of pigeons and record resulting activity patterns in the hyperpallium. Which stimulation technique is best for Kara's goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrode array stimulation 
B)  EEG 
C)  optogenetics 
D)  microelectrode stimulation 
A)  electrode array stimulation 
B)  EEG 
C)  optogenetics 
D)  microelectrode stimulation

What method do scientists use to obtain information?

Explain why science is considered to be "tentative" and not merely a collection of facts.

Which of the following instruments is a map of the brain that shows the 3-dimensional location of brain structures?

When using fMRI to find increased activity in relation to a behavioral task, researchers should ______.

Which of the following is true of TMS?

What is one limitation of correlational studies?

Which of the following is a requirement for a good theory?

What is the primary source of embryonic stem cells?

In gene therapy, new genes can be incorporated into the body using ______.

Which of the following is true of individuals who have suffered brain trauma?

Using brain imaging techniques to determine which brain areas are activated when a person remembers an emotional event is an example of a(n) ______ study.

Immunocytochemistry techniques exploit the ability of antibodies to carry a dye to specific ______.

The EEG has good temporal resolution but poor ______ resolution.

What is one reason why scientists are moving slowly regarding the therapeutic use of stem cells?

How does the scientific practice of drawing conclusions from samples of subjects impact the conclusions that scientists draw?

Estimates of how often relatives are similar in a trait are ______.

Stereotaxic instruments are only made for use in nonhuman animals.

Which of the following is one ethical concern regarding gene research?

Kara wants to stimulate a subset of nerve cells in the thalamofugal pathway of pigeons and record resulting activity patterns in the hyperpallium. Which stimulation technique is best for Kara's goals?

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Communication Within the Nervous System

The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System

Drugs, Addiction, and Reward

Motivation and the Regulation of Internal States

The Biology of Sex and Gender

Emotion and Health

Hearing and Language

Vision and Visual Perception

The Body Senses and Movement

Learning and Memory

Intelligence and Cognitive Functioning

Psychological Disorders

Sleep and Consciousness

Filters

Exam 4: The Methods and Ethics of Research

What method do scientists use to obtain information?

Explain why science is considered to be "tentative" and not merely a collection of facts.

Which of the following instruments is a map of the brain that shows the 3-dimensional location of brain structures?

When using fMRI to find increased activity in relation to a behavioral task, researchers should ______.

Which of the following is true of TMS?

What is one limitation of correlational studies?

Which of the following is a requirement for a good theory?

What is the primary source of embryonic stem cells?

In gene therapy, new genes can be incorporated into the body using ______.

Which of the following is true of individuals who have suffered brain trauma?

Using brain imaging techniques to determine which brain areas are activated when a person remembers an emotional event is an example of a(n) ______ study.

Immunocytochemistry techniques exploit the ability of antibodies to carry a dye to specific ______.

The EEG has good temporal resolution but poor ______ resolution.

What is one reason why scientists are moving slowly regarding the therapeutic use of stem cells?

How does the scientific practice of drawing conclusions from samples of subjects impact the conclusions that scientists draw?

Estimates of how often relatives are similar in a trait are ______.

Stereotaxic instruments are only made for use in nonhuman animals.

Which of the following is one ethical concern regarding gene research?

Kara wants to stimulate a subset of nerve cells in the thalamofugal pathway of pigeons and record resulting activity patterns in the hyperpallium. Which stimulation technique is best for Kara's goals?

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Communication Within the Nervous System

The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System

Drugs, Addiction, and Reward

Motivation and the Regulation of Internal States

The Biology of Sex and Gender

Emotion and Health

Hearing and Language

Vision and Visual Perception

The Body Senses and Movement

Learning and Memory

Intelligence and Cognitive Functioning

Psychological Disorders

Sleep and Consciousness

Filters