Question 1

What is estimated to be the heritability range for suicidal behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  20-35% 
B)  32-40% 
C)  38-55% 
D)  56-80% 
A)  20-35% 
B)  32-40% 
C)  38-55% 
D)  56-80% C

Question 2

A need for increased executive control when surveying a situation is the responsibility of the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  default mode network 
B)  ventral attention network 
C)  salience network 
D)  frontoparietal network 
A)  default mode network 
B)  ventral attention network 
C)  salience network 
D)  frontoparietal network D

Question 3

Describe the brain circuit that is implicated in OCD. Identify several disorders that are related to OCD in terms of symptoms and/or brain areas affected.

Accepted Answer

OCD patients show increased activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and a part of the basal ganglia called the caudate nucleus. Disruption in communication among brain structures is also evident due to reductions in white matter. This effect is observed between the cingulate gyrus and a circuit of brain structures involved in impulse control (the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cortex).
A disorder of excessive grooming called acral lick syndrome is symptomatically similar to the excessive ritual portrayed by OCD patients, such as excessive hand washing. Other behaviors observed in animals that are similar include excessive self-grooming and hair pulling in monkeys and compulsive feather pulling in some birds in captivity. In humans, similar behaviors include trichotillomania. This excessive hair pulling in humans shows similarities with OCD, including being hereditary. Hair pullers also show a high frequency of relatives with OCD. Both respond to drug treatment that increases serotonin, although their causes may be due to a different version of the same gene.
OCD patients are more likely to also be hoarders. However, the two are separate disorders, with different brain areas activated.
Similarities between OCD and Tourette syndrome include the ability to manage symptoms for a short period of time; sharing of some genetic roots (1/3 of OCD patients also have Tourette's; 30% of Tourette's patients also have OCD). Both disorders also involve increased activity in the basal ganglia. However, drug treatment is different between the two.

Question 4

What is the annual cost attributed to the treatment of mental illnesses and the relative loss of income in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  $317 billion 
B)  $467 billion 
C)  $1 trillion 
D)  $2.5 trillion 
A)  $317 billion 
B)  $467 billion 
C)  $1 trillion 
D)  $2.5 trillion

Question 5

Another common term used in place of "schizophrenia" is "multiple personality."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Many individuals with schizophrenia show impaired ability in which task?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wisconsin Card Sorting Task 
B)  Nevada Pain Avoidance Task 
C)  St. Louis Pashmina Task 
D)  Virtual Reality Hallucination Task 
A)  Wisconsin Card Sorting Task 
B)  Nevada Pain Avoidance Task 
C)  St. Louis Pashmina Task 
D)  Virtual Reality Hallucination Task

Question 7

A multimillion-dollar longitudinal study, called PRISM, is being conducted in schizophrenics and those diagnosed with other neurological disorders to determine ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the psychosocial roots of social withdrawal 
B)  the environmental causes of social withdrawal 
C)  the cognitive processes involved in social withdrawal 
D)  the biological mechanisms of social withdrawal 
A)  the psychosocial roots of social withdrawal 
B)  the environmental causes of social withdrawal 
C)  the cognitive processes involved in social withdrawal 
D)  the biological mechanisms of social withdrawal

Question 8

Explain the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia and what evidence it is based on. Further, explain why this hypothesis has been proven incomplete.

Accepted Answer

According to the dopamine hypothesis of

Question 9

Why have there been criticisms of research showing an association between schizophrenia and brain damage prior to the onset of the symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reports rely on the memories of relatives and patients about details of the injury. 
B)  The samples used in these studies included too few men to generalize well. 
C)  There is a failure to control adequately for substance use in these reports. 
D)  Reports do not take into account damage to brain areas associated with other disorders. 
A)  Reports rely on the memories of relatives and patients about details of the injury. 
B)  The samples used in these studies included too few men to generalize well. 
C)  There is a failure to control adequately for substance use in these reports. 
D)  Reports do not take into account damage to brain areas associated with other disorders.

Question 10

List several environmental factors that could contribute to schizophrenia. What developmental period seems to be most involved?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors include head injur

Question 11

Positive schizophrenic symptoms include ______ and can be characterized as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  delusions; behavioral excesses 
B)  flat affect; neurotic behaviors 
C)  impaired attention; psychotic breaks 
D)  impaired social interactions; behavioral deficits 
A)  delusions; behavioral excesses 
B)  flat affect; neurotic behaviors 
C)  impaired attention; psychotic breaks 
D)  impaired social interactions; behavioral deficits

Question 12

What framework is used to assess whether an individual meets criteria to be diagnosed with a mental disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  the APA manual 
B)  the DSM-IV-Revised 
C)  the DSM-5 
D)  the DSM-5-Revised 
A)  the APA manual 
B)  the DSM-IV-Revised 
C)  the DSM-5 
D)  the DSM-5-Revised

Question 13

Hair pullers have a high rate of OCD relatives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In bipolar I, patients often alternate between periods of depression and states of hypomania.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Joan's therapist recommended ECT as an effective part of her treatment for depression, but she is very concerned due to how this form of therapy has been portrayed in movies. What can you tell Joan about ECT today to help her accept her therapist's recommendation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is usually the first choice of treatment for mood disorders due to its effectiveness. 
B)  It produces faster results compared to drug treatments. 
C)  There is no longer an effect on the patient's memory. 
D)  It no longer elicits a seizure in the patient. 
A)  It is usually the first choice of treatment for mood disorders due to its effectiveness. 
B)  It produces faster results compared to drug treatments. 
C)  There is no longer an effect on the patient's memory. 
D)  It no longer elicits a seizure in the patient.

Question 16

In an episode of Grey's Anatomy, Dr. Bailey found it difficult to leave home because she constantly felt the need to check and recheck the contents of her purse. This is a good example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  an obsession 
B)  a compulsion 
C)  paranoia 
D)  a phobia 
A)  an obsession 
B)  a compulsion 
C)  paranoia 
D)  a phobia

Question 17

All of the following are associated with a vulnerability to develop PTSD EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller hippocampus volume 
B)  mutations in the FKBP5 gene 
C)  smaller-sized ACC 
D)  increased gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex 
A)  smaller hippocampus volume 
B)  mutations in the FKBP5 gene 
C)  smaller-sized ACC 
D)  increased gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex

Question 18

The future of drug treatment for depression and other disorders includes targeting ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  specific neurotransmitter receptor subtypes 
B)  specific neurotransmitter systems 
C)  several neurotransmitter systems at the same time 
D)  the genes that code for specific neurotransmitter systems 
A)  specific neurotransmitter receptor subtypes 
B)  specific neurotransmitter systems 
C)  several neurotransmitter systems at the same time 
D)  the genes that code for specific neurotransmitter systems

Question 19

Identify and describe the two major brain anomalies in schizophrenia. Determine how these anomalies were tested, measured, and/or observed.

Accepted Answer

The two major brain anomalies are brain

Question 20

If Albert Einstein truly had schizophrenia characterized by positive symptoms, which of the following would NOT be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  He would have had some form of intellectual impairment. 
B)  He would have responded to antidopaminergic drugs. 
C)  He would have had more D2 receptors than normal. 
D)  He could have had conversations with imaginary individuals. 
A)  He would have had some form of intellectual impairment. 
B)  He would have responded to antidopaminergic drugs. 
C)  He would have had more D2 receptors than normal. 
D)  He could have had conversations with imaginary individuals.

What is estimated to be the heritability range for suicidal behavior?

A need for increased executive control when surveying a situation is the responsibility of the ______.

Describe the brain circuit that is implicated in OCD. Identify several disorders that are related to OCD in terms of symptoms and/or brain areas affected.

What is the annual cost attributed to the treatment of mental illnesses and the relative loss of income in the United States?

Another common term used in place of "schizophrenia" is "multiple personality."

Many individuals with schizophrenia show impaired ability in which task?

A multimillion-dollar longitudinal study, called PRISM, is being conducted in schizophrenics and those diagnosed with other neurological disorders to determine ______.

Explain the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia and what evidence it is based on. Further, explain why this hypothesis has been proven incomplete.

Why have there been criticisms of research showing an association between schizophrenia and brain damage prior to the onset of the symptoms?

List several environmental factors that could contribute to schizophrenia. What developmental period seems to be most involved?

Positive schizophrenic symptoms include and can be characterized as .

What framework is used to assess whether an individual meets criteria to be diagnosed with a mental disorder?

Hair pullers have a high rate of OCD relatives.

In bipolar I, patients often alternate between periods of depression and states of hypomania.

Joan's therapist recommended ECT as an effective part of her treatment for depression, but she is very concerned due to how this form of therapy has been portrayed in movies. What can you tell Joan about ECT today to help her accept her therapist's recommendation?

In an episode of Grey's Anatomy, Dr. Bailey found it difficult to leave home because she constantly felt the need to check and recheck the contents of her purse. This is a good example of ______.

All of the following are associated with a vulnerability to develop PTSD EXCEPT ______.

The future of drug treatment for depression and other disorders includes targeting ______.

Identify and describe the two major brain anomalies in schizophrenia. Determine how these anomalies were tested, measured, and/or observed.

If Albert Einstein truly had schizophrenia characterized by positive symptoms, which of the following would NOT be true?

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Communication Within the Nervous System

The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System

The Methods and Ethics of Research

Drugs, Addiction, and Reward

Motivation and the Regulation of Internal States

The Biology of Sex and Gender

Emotion and Health

Hearing and Language

Vision and Visual Perception

The Body Senses and Movement

Learning and Memory

Intelligence and Cognitive Functioning

Sleep and Consciousness

Filters

Exam 14: Psychological Disorders

What is estimated to be the heritability range for suicidal behavior?

A need for increased executive control when surveying a situation is the responsibility of the ______.

Describe the brain circuit that is implicated in OCD. Identify several disorders that are related to OCD in terms of symptoms and/or brain areas affected.

What is the annual cost attributed to the treatment of mental illnesses and the relative loss of income in the United States?

Another common term used in place of "schizophrenia" is "multiple personality."

Many individuals with schizophrenia show impaired ability in which task?

A multimillion-dollar longitudinal study, called PRISM, is being conducted in schizophrenics and those diagnosed with other neurological disorders to determine ______.

Explain the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia and what evidence it is based on. Further, explain why this hypothesis has been proven incomplete.

Why have there been criticisms of research showing an association between schizophrenia and brain damage prior to the onset of the symptoms?

List several environmental factors that could contribute to schizophrenia. What developmental period seems to be most involved?

Positive schizophrenic symptoms include ______ and can be characterized as ______.

What framework is used to assess whether an individual meets criteria to be diagnosed with a mental disorder?

Hair pullers have a high rate of OCD relatives.

In bipolar I, patients often alternate between periods of depression and states of hypomania.

Joan's therapist recommended ECT as an effective part of her treatment for depression, but she is very concerned due to how this form of therapy has been portrayed in movies. What can you tell Joan about ECT today to help her accept her therapist's recommendation?

In an episode of Grey's Anatomy, Dr. Bailey found it difficult to leave home because she constantly felt the need to check and recheck the contents of her purse. This is a good example of ______.

All of the following are associated with a vulnerability to develop PTSD EXCEPT ______.

The future of drug treatment for depression and other disorders includes targeting ______.

Identify and describe the two major brain anomalies in schizophrenia. Determine how these anomalies were tested, measured, and/or observed.

If Albert Einstein truly had schizophrenia characterized by positive symptoms, which of the following would NOT be true?

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Communication Within the Nervous System

The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System

The Methods and Ethics of Research

Drugs, Addiction, and Reward

Motivation and the Regulation of Internal States

The Biology of Sex and Gender

Emotion and Health

Hearing and Language

Vision and Visual Perception

The Body Senses and Movement

Learning and Memory

Intelligence and Cognitive Functioning

Sleep and Consciousness

Filters

Positive schizophrenic symptoms include and can be characterized as .