Question 1

According to Piaget's cognitive-stage theory, which of the following is true of hypothetical-deductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is characterized by the absence of commitment and lack of serious consideration of alternatives. 
B)  It is the ability to develop, consider, and systematically test hypotheses. 
C)  It is a hypothesis that states that there is a carryover of cognitive gains from work to leisure. 
D)  It is a coherent conception of the self that includes goals, values, and beliefs to which an adolescent is solidly committed. 
A)  It is characterized by the absence of commitment and lack of serious consideration of alternatives. 
B)  It is the ability to develop, consider, and systematically test hypotheses. 
C)  It is a hypothesis that states that there is a carryover of cognitive gains from work to leisure. 
D)  It is a coherent conception of the self that includes goals, values, and beliefs to which an adolescent is solidly committed.

Question 2

According to Elkind, notions of the imaginary audience and the personal fable are

Accepted Answer

A)  linked with the emergence of the ability to take an outsider's perspective. 
B)  formally taught because they are necessary to get ahead in life. 
C)  unrelated to specific social experiences. 
D)  characteristics of immature thinking that continue into adulthood. 
A)  linked with the emergence of the ability to take an outsider's perspective. 
B)  formally taught because they are necessary to get ahead in life. 
C)  unrelated to specific social experiences. 
D)  characteristics of immature thinking that continue into adulthood.

Question 3

________ consists of all the skills a person has acquired.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceptual knowledge 
B)  Declarative knowledge 
C)  Procedural knowledge 
D)  Structural knowledge 
A)  Conceptual knowledge 
B)  Declarative knowledge 
C)  Procedural knowledge 
D)  Structural knowledge

Question 4

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, which of the following statements is true about the second stage of reasoning in the preconventional morality level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adolescents reach this stage between 11 and 13 years of age. 
B)  Children look at an act in terms of the needs it meets and differentiate this value from the act's physical form and consequences. 
C)  Children want to please others, can judge their intentions, and develop their own ideas of what a good person is. 
D)  People reach this stage during young adulthood. 
A)  Adolescents reach this stage between 11 and 13 years of age. 
B)  Children look at an act in terms of the needs it meets and differentiate this value from the act's physical form and consequences. 
C)  Children want to please others, can judge their intentions, and develop their own ideas of what a good person is. 
D)  People reach this stage during young adulthood.

Question 5

Beginning in adolescence, girls do better than boys

Accepted Answer

A)  on creative tasks that involve synthesizing information. 
B)  in activities that involve spatial functions helpful in math. 
C)  on verbal tasks that involve writing and language usage. 
D)  in activities that involve visual functions helpful in science. 
A)  on creative tasks that involve synthesizing information. 
B)  in activities that involve spatial functions helpful in math. 
C)  on verbal tasks that involve writing and language usage. 
D)  in activities that involve visual functions helpful in science.

Question 6

The parents of Jacob, a 10-year-old boy, are indifferent to his academic grades. They do not scold him when he gets low grades nor appreciate him when he scores good grades. Their behavior has negatively affected Jacob's academic performance. Identify the parenting style adopted by Jacob's parents in this scenario.

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritative parenting 
B)  authoritarian parenting 
C)  permissive parenting 
D)  attachment parenting 
A)  authoritative parenting 
B)  authoritarian parenting 
C)  permissive parenting 
D)  attachment parenting

Question 7

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, which of the following is a characteristic of the third stage of reasoning in the conventional morality level?

Accepted Answer

A)  morality of contract, of individual rights, and of democratically accepted law 
B)  orientation toward punishment and obedience 
C)  morality of universal ethical principles 
D)  maintaining mutual relations, approval of others, and the golden rule 
A)  morality of contract, of individual rights, and of democratically accepted law 
B)  orientation toward punishment and obedience 
C)  morality of universal ethical principles 
D)  maintaining mutual relations, approval of others, and the golden rule

Question 8

Compared to boys, girls benefit more from enriched neighborhoods and are hurt more by deprived neighborhoods.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Generally, adolescents who are more advanced in moral reasoning do tend to be more moral in their behavior than antisocial adolescents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Lorenzo, a Latino adolescent, moves from a small junior high school to a bigger high school. He feels that his new school scores extremely low on supportive behavior and personal attention. He also realizes that the school has only a handful of Latino students. In the context of the study conducted by Benner and Graham (2009), which of the following is most likely to happen after 6 months?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lorenzo will drop out of school. 
B)  Lorenzo will begin to like the school. 
C)  Lorenzo will show a remarkable improvement in his academic performance. 
D)  Lorenzo will be forced by the school authorities to drop out of school. 
A)  Lorenzo will drop out of school. 
B)  Lorenzo will begin to like the school. 
C)  Lorenzo will show a remarkable improvement in his academic performance. 
D)  Lorenzo will be forced by the school authorities to drop out of school.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It states that people who have achieved a high level of cognitive development never reach a comparably high level of moral development. 
B)  It recognizes that moral activity is motivated by emotions such as empathy, guilt, distress, and the internalization of prosocial norms. 
C)  It does not emphasize the importance of having supportive, authoritarian parents or close friends and their association with moral reasoning. 
D)  It does not seem to represent moral reasoning in non-Western cultures as accurately as in the Western culture. 
A)  It states that people who have achieved a high level of cognitive development never reach a comparably high level of moral development. 
B)  It recognizes that moral activity is motivated by emotions such as empathy, guilt, distress, and the internalization of prosocial norms. 
C)  It does not emphasize the importance of having supportive, authoritarian parents or close friends and their association with moral reasoning. 
D)  It does not seem to represent moral reasoning in non-Western cultures as accurately as in the Western culture.

Question 12

Driving a car and being able to use a computer are examples of declarative knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Girls have more gray matter than do boys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The United States has plenty of coordinated policies to help non-college-bound youth make a successful transition from high school to the labor market.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is a limitation of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It negates the idea that moral development is a consequence of moral reasoning. 
B)  It ignores the fact that at the heart of every dilemma is the concept of justice-a universal principle. 
C)  It ignores the idea that parents and peers play an important role in the moral development of children. 
D)  It overemphasizes the fact that a person's response to a moral dilemma indicates his or her stage of moral development. 
A)  It negates the idea that moral development is a consequence of moral reasoning. 
B)  It ignores the fact that at the heart of every dilemma is the concept of justice-a universal principle. 
C)  It ignores the idea that parents and peers play an important role in the moral development of children. 
D)  It overemphasizes the fact that a person's response to a moral dilemma indicates his or her stage of moral development.

Question 16

According to Kohlberg's levels of moral reasoning, what is the distinguishing feature of postconventional morality?

Accepted Answer

A)  thinking of morality in terms of pleasing others or obeying the law 
B)  internalizing the standards of others 
C)  making one's own judgments based on principles of fairness and justice 
D)  acting under external controls and influences 
A)  thinking of morality in terms of pleasing others or obeying the law 
B)  internalizing the standards of others 
C)  making one's own judgments based on principles of fairness and justice 
D)  acting under external controls and influences

Question 17

Aiden, a 10-year-old boy, fails to qualify for a dance competition. He believes that if he had practiced more, he would have definitely qualified for the competition. He vows to try harder the next time. In the context of influences on school achievement, which of the following is exhibited by Aiden in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)  low self-actualization 
B)  high self-denial 
C)  high self-efficacy 
D)  low self-control 
A)  low self-actualization 
B)  high self-denial 
C)  high self-efficacy 
D)  low self-control

Question 18

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, people in the fourth stage of reasoning in the conventional morality level

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluate an act according to its motive or the person performing it and take circumstances into account. 
B)  think in rational terms and value the welfare of society. 
C)  are concerned with doing their duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the social order. 
D)  recognize that there are times when human needs and the law conflict and believe that it is better to obey the law. 
A)  evaluate an act according to its motive or the person performing it and take circumstances into account. 
B)  think in rational terms and value the welfare of society. 
C)  are concerned with doing their duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the social order. 
D)  recognize that there are times when human needs and the law conflict and believe that it is better to obey the law.

Question 19

Lucas, a 15-year-old boy, takes out his father's sports car without his father's knowledge and drives it recklessly. Lucas believes that he would not get into accidents like other kids as he is invincible. Which of the following aspects of adolescent thinking does Lucas exhibit in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)  the personal fable 
B)  apparent hypocrisy 
C)  the imaginary audience 
D)  idealism 
A)  the personal fable 
B)  apparent hypocrisy 
C)  the imaginary audience 
D)  idealism

Question 20

________ strike a balance between making demands and being responsive and tend to have teens who do better academically than other teens.

Accepted Answer

A)  Authoritative parents 
B)  Authoritarian parents 
C)  Permissive parents 
D)  Neglectful parents 
A)  Authoritative parents 
B)  Authoritarian parents 
C)  Permissive parents 
D)  Neglectful parents

According to Piaget's cognitive-stage theory, which of the following is true of hypothetical-deductive reasoning?

According to Elkind, notions of the imaginary audience and the personal fable are

________ consists of all the skills a person has acquired.

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, which of the following statements is true about the second stage of reasoning in the preconventional morality level?

Beginning in adolescence, girls do better than boys

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, which of the following is a characteristic of the third stage of reasoning in the conventional morality level?

Compared to boys, girls benefit more from enriched neighborhoods and are hurt more by deprived neighborhoods.

Generally, adolescents who are more advanced in moral reasoning do tend to be more moral in their behavior than antisocial adolescents.

Which of the following is true of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

Driving a car and being able to use a computer are examples of declarative knowledge.

Girls have more gray matter than do boys.

The United States has plenty of coordinated policies to help non-college-bound youth make a successful transition from high school to the labor market.

Which of the following is a limitation of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

According to Kohlberg's levels of moral reasoning, what is the distinguishing feature of postconventional morality?

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, people in the fourth stage of reasoning in the conventional morality level

Lucas, a 15-year-old boy, takes out his father's sports car without his father's knowledge and drives it recklessly. Lucas believes that he would not get into accidents like other kids as he is invincible. Which of the following aspects of adolescent thinking does Lucas exhibit in this scenario?

________ strike a balance between making demands and being responsive and tend to have teens who do better academically than other teens.

Introduction to Child Development

Conception, Environment, and Heredity

Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn

Physical Development and Health: 0 to 3

Cognitive Development: 0 to 3

Psychosocial Development: 0 to 3

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

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Exam 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence

According to Piaget's cognitive-stage theory, which of the following is true of hypothetical-deductive reasoning?

According to Elkind, notions of the imaginary audience and the personal fable are

________ consists of all the skills a person has acquired.

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, which of the following statements is true about the second stage of reasoning in the preconventional morality level?

Beginning in adolescence, girls do better than boys

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, which of the following is a characteristic of the third stage of reasoning in the conventional morality level?

Compared to boys, girls benefit more from enriched neighborhoods and are hurt more by deprived neighborhoods.

Generally, adolescents who are more advanced in moral reasoning do tend to be more moral in their behavior than antisocial adolescents.

Which of the following is true of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

Driving a car and being able to use a computer are examples of declarative knowledge.

Girls have more gray matter than do boys.

The United States has plenty of coordinated policies to help non-college-bound youth make a successful transition from high school to the labor market.

Which of the following is a limitation of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

According to Kohlberg's levels of moral reasoning, what is the distinguishing feature of postconventional morality?

In the context of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, people in the fourth stage of reasoning in the conventional morality level

Lucas, a 15-year-old boy, takes out his father's sports car without his father's knowledge and drives it recklessly. Lucas believes that he would not get into accidents like other kids as he is invincible. Which of the following aspects of adolescent thinking does Lucas exhibit in this scenario?

________ strike a balance between making demands and being responsive and tend to have teens who do better academically than other teens.

Introduction to Child Development

Conception, Environment, and Heredity

Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn

Physical Development and Health: 0 to 3

Cognitive Development: 0 to 3

Psychosocial Development: 0 to 3

Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Filters