Exam 1: Early History of Punishment and the Development of Prisons in the United States

Which prison system, considered the worst in the south and similar to the Mississippi prison system, placed inmates in charge of other inmates?

John Howard created the Elmira Reformatory in Auburn, NY, in 1820.

Who was the warden of Elmira Reformatory, who started his career in corrections as a prison guard in a state prison in Connecticut and contended imprisonment was designed to reform inmates?

Charles Montesquieu wrote an essay titled Persian Letters, which was instrumental in illustrating the abuses of the criminal law in both France and Europe.

What type of early punishment used a chair suspended over a body of water?

The Walnut Street Jail was established in 1790.

One early punishment was the hulk, which was a device that constrained an individual to receive constant scolding from others.

Describe the Martinson Report and the impact the findings had on corrections.

Which of the following is an example of branding in early American society?

A combination of which two early punishment devices resulted in both the offender's head and hands being immobilized?

What system utilized inmate labor through state-negotiated contracts with private manufacturers?

Which early sheriff had the duty of prison inspector and was appalled by the unsanitary conditions he found while conducting his inspections?

What was the name of the first official prison in the United States?

Which of the following are the three largest state prison systems?

Many southern states eventually abolished the ______ system and created large prison farms reminiscent of the old plantations of the South.

What consisted of very dangerous and/or impossible tests to prove the guilt or innocence of the accused?

Which type of prison was typically made of large stones with brick walls, guard towers, and checkpoints within the facility?

The earliest written code of punishment was known as the ______.

What was the name of the first reformatory, which opened in 1876?

The Quakers followed a body of laws called the Infamous Code, which was more humane in approach than the typical English response to crime.