Exam 1: Early History of Punishment and the Development of Prisons in the United States

Lex talionis was the first written code of law by the King of Babylon.

Determinate sentences consist of fixed periods of incarceration with no later flexibility in the term that is served.

Roughly 42% of all federal inmates are citizens of other countries.

What legal basis reflected the instinctive desire for humans who have been harmed to seek revenge?

The crime control model emerged during a "get-tough" era on crime focusing on harsher sentencing.

Which early prison has drawn most of the attention when historians and prison buffs talk about the Pennsylvania system of corrections?

Which type of sentencing consists of fixed periods of incarceration with no flexibility in terms of time served?

Describe the five segments of the criminal justice system and the role of corrections.

In late 2016, national statistics indicated that more than half (54%) of all state prison inmates were violent offenders, while nearly half (47%) of federal inmates were ______ offenders.

Since the 1980s and the War on Drugs, the proportion of drug offenders has remained low, constituting more than half of the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) population.

What was the Pennsylvania system and how did the Western Pennsylvania Prison and the Eastern State Penitentiary define it? Describe characteristics of the two prisons.

The rise of the ______ and the writings of a variety of scholars and philosophers helped shape the use of simple punishments from barbaric cruelty to corrective mechanisms indeed to reduce problematic behaviors.

What 1974 report was an examination of a number of various prison treatment programs?

The average time served for BOP inmates is around ______years in length.

Who was Cesare Beccaria and what impact did he have on corrections?

Which model emerged during the "get-tough movement" and incorporated longer sentences and an increased use of intensive supervised probation?

Which model evolved during the last few years to include identifying programs that examined external environment causes of crime?

The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) was initially established by Congress in 1930.

What is the contention that the use of harsh punishments sensitizes people to violence and essentially teaches them to use violence rather than acting as a deterrent?

Define trial by ordeal.