Exam 1: Early History of Punishment and the Development of Prisons in the United States

______ sentences include a range of years that will be potentially served by the offender. The offender is released at some point during the assigned years by the sentencing judge.

What term referred to the Babylonian law of equal retaliation?

Corrections is defined as the process whereby practitioners from a variety of agencies and programs use tools, techniques, and facilities to engage in organized security and treatment functions intended to correct criminal tendencies among the offender population.

The ______ followed a body of laws called the Great Law, which was more humane in approach than the typical English response to crime.

Which prison era included a period of extraordinary urban and industrial growth and unprecedented social problems?

Which of the following is true regarding corporal punishment?

When examining early forms of punishment and corrections, it was clearly ______ compared with punishments today.

Under Roman law, what resulted in the offender's property being excised by the government and the marriage (if any) between the offender and his or her spouse was declared void, providing the status of widow to the spouse?

What are crimes against society or a social group, which historically tended to include sacrilege as well as other crimes against religion, treason, witchcraft, incest, sex offenses of any sort, and even violations of hunting rules?

The criminal justice system generally consists of ______segments.

The pillory was similar to the stock except the pillory consisted of a single large bored hole where the offender's neck would rest.

The term reintegration was used to identify programs that looked to the external environment for causes of crime and the means by which criminality could be reduced.

Define the brutalization hypothesis.

In 1787, Benjamin Rush, the Quakers, and other reformers met together in what was then the official prison reform group, the ______.