Exam 16: Genome Analysis: DNA Typing, Genomics, and Beyond

Single nucleotide polymorphisms are

When is mitochondrial DNA analysis considered the method of choice in forensic analysis? Explain why it should not be used for paternity testing.

At approximately 2 PM; Ms. Smith, Ms. Taylor, and Ms. Jones each delivered a healthy baby girl at a local hospital. At 2:16 PM, the hospital's fire alarm sounded. Nurses and orderlies hurried to evacuate patients, and the three newborns were rushed to safety. After the danger had passed, the hospital staff discovered that in the confusion, they had forgotten which baby was which. Since the babies were moved before receiving their identification bracelets there was no easy way to identify them. The attending physician ordered that DNA typing be performed on the babies and their parents. Results of gel analysis are shown below. Your job is to decide to which set of parents Baby 1 belongs. ?

Write an example of a single nucleotide polymorphism. To be considered a SNP, how frequent must the polymorphism be in the population?

You want to analyze the entire proteome of a particular organelle. Which technique would you use?

What type of analysis is currently the most widely used DNA typing procedure in forensic genetics - short tandem repeat (STR) analysis or minisatellite analysis? Which technique uses multiplex PCR? Which technique uses a Southern blot?

"The power of DNA evidence lies in statistics." Explain the meaning of this statement.

All of the following apply to the discipline of bioinformatics except:

How could DNA microarrays be used in conducting a genome-wide association study to identify SNPs associated with,

Which technique has almost eliminated the need to chemically sequence a polypeptide?

Compare and contrast the terms "bioinformatics," "genomics," and "proteomics."

What is the difference between an open reading frame (ORF) and a gene?

To begin the process of DNA microarray, the following cellular component is extracted from sample tissues:

Like DNA microarrays, Northern blots can be used to analyze levels of gene expression. However, Northern blots are almost always prepared with a probe tagged with one label, whereas DNA microarrays almost always use two groups of probes, each one tagged with a different fluorescent label. What advantage is conferred by using two labels for the probes of microarrays?

Diagram the process of shotgun proteomics using tandem mass spectrometry. What type of information can be obtained from this method?

Explain the key difference(s) between peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF and shotgun proteomics using tandem mass spectrometry.

The majority of the human genome is

In establishing paternity by DNA typing, how many short tandem repeat (STR) alleles in a child come from the father?

What distinguishes the field of genomics from genetics?

Compare and contrast the techniques of AFLP and RAPD analysis in DNA typing.