Question 1

The ways in which people of different generations differ from one another are considered to be what?​

Accepted Answer

A) Cohort effects 
B) ​Negative aftereffects 
C) ​Adaptation effects 
D) ​Reinforcement effects 
A) Cohort effects 
B) ​Negative aftereffects 
C) ​Adaptation effects 
D) ​Reinforcement effects

Question 2

​A psychologist who is asking abstract and hypothetical questions might be trying to determine whether a child is in which stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) Preoperational 
B) ​Concrete operations 
C) ​Sensorimotor 
D) ​Formal operations 
A) Preoperational 
B) ​Concrete operations 
C) ​Sensorimotor 
D) ​Formal operations

Question 3

​In Piaget's terminology,what is a schema?

Accepted Answer

A) An expectation about other people's behavior 
B) ​A change in brain activity 
C) ​A way of interacting with objects 
D) ​An item in visual or auditory memory 
A) An expectation about other people's behavior 
B) ​A change in brain activity 
C) ​A way of interacting with objects 
D) ​An item in visual or auditory memory

Question 4

A researcher finds that,on average,the firstborns at one high school have higher grades than second- and third-born children.Other than birth order,what else might explain this result?

Accepted Answer

A) Children who get good grades in elementary school tend to do well in high school also. 
B) ​Some parents give their children more attention than others do. 
C) ​More recent generations tend to do better on tests than those born earlier. 
A) Children who get good grades in elementary school tend to do well in high school also. 
B) ​Some parents give their children more attention than others do. 
C) ​More recent generations tend to do better on tests than those born earlier.

Question 5

​A 2½-year-old child is told to "find a toy in the same place in the big room where you see the little toy in the little room." The child fails to find it,unless we change the instructions as follows:

Accepted Answer

A) Study the little room carefully and think of it as a map of the bigger room. 
B) ​Imagine that the toy in the bigger room is calling your name. 
C) ​I blew up the little room to a bigger room. Go find the toy. 
D) ​If you were a toy, where would you hide in the bigger room? 
A) Study the little room carefully and think of it as a map of the bigger room. 
B) ​Imagine that the toy in the bigger room is calling your name. 
C) ​I blew up the little room to a bigger room. Go find the toy. 
D) ​If you were a toy, where would you hide in the bigger room?

Question 6

How are Piaget's cognitive stages similar to Erikson's stages of social and emotional development?​

Accepted Answer

A) In both, people go through the stages in the same order. 
B) ​People reach Piaget's final stage at the same age when they reach Erikson's final stage. 
C) ​Special tutoring can help people reach the final stage of either set faster than usual. 
D) ​Both Piaget and Erikson propose that people go through exactly four stages. 
A) In both, people go through the stages in the same order. 
B) ​People reach Piaget's final stage at the same age when they reach Erikson's final stage. 
C) ​Special tutoring can help people reach the final stage of either set faster than usual. 
D) ​Both Piaget and Erikson propose that people go through exactly four stages.

Question 7

​What type of research study,if any,is most strongly influenced by cohort effects?

Accepted Answer

A) Longitudinal research 
B) ​Cross-sectional research 
C) ​Longitudinal and cross-sectional research equally 
D) ​Neither longitudinal nor cross-sectional research 
A) Longitudinal research 
B) ​Cross-sectional research 
C) ​Longitudinal and cross-sectional research equally 
D) ​Neither longitudinal nor cross-sectional research

Question 8

​Does a newborn infant look longer at one type of display or another? If so,what?

Accepted Answer

A) An infant looks longest at a page that is all one color. 
B) ​An infant looks longest at a face or a drawing of a face. 
C) ​An infant looks longest at a straight black line. 
D) ​An infant looks equally at any display. 
A) An infant looks longest at a page that is all one color. 
B) ​An infant looks longest at a face or a drawing of a face. 
C) ​An infant looks longest at a straight black line. 
D) ​An infant looks equally at any display.

Question 9

Studies on object permanence and theory of mind support which generalization?​

Accepted Answer

A) Cognitive development depends on a certain stage of social and emotional development. 
B) ​A child who understands object permanence also understands theory of mind. 
C) ​Coming to understand either concept requires a sudden, all-or-nothing transition. 
D) ​Whether a child seems to understand a concept depends on the way we test. 
A) Cognitive development depends on a certain stage of social and emotional development. 
B) ​A child who understands object permanence also understands theory of mind. 
C) ​Coming to understand either concept requires a sudden, all-or-nothing transition. 
D) ​Whether a child seems to understand a concept depends on the way we test.

Question 10

​What is a fault of many studies comparing firstborn and later-born children?

Accepted Answer

A) They confuse the effects of birth order with those of parenting style. 
B) ​They confuse the effects of birth order with those of culture. 
C) ​They confuse the effects of birth order with those of family size. 
D) ​They confuse the effects of birth order with those of gender. 
A) They confuse the effects of birth order with those of parenting style. 
B) ​They confuse the effects of birth order with those of culture. 
C) ​They confuse the effects of birth order with those of family size. 
D) ​They confuse the effects of birth order with those of gender.

Question 11

Why is a sequential design desirable,when possible?​

Accepted Answer

A) It separates the contributions of heredity and environment.​ 
B) ​It eliminates the ethical concerns that plague other research methods. 
C) ​Its results apply to cultures throughout the world. 
D) ​It combines the strengths of cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. 
A) It separates the contributions of heredity and environment.​ 
B) ​It eliminates the ethical concerns that plague other research methods. 
C) ​Its results apply to cultures throughout the world. 
D) ​It combines the strengths of cross-sectional and longitudinal methods.

Question 12

How does alcohol lead to the behavioral problems associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?​

Accepted Answer

A) It prevents the transmission of inhibitory synaptic messages. 
B) ​It causes too much myelin to form around the axons in the brain. 
C) ​It causes some neurons that get too little stimulation to self-destruct. 
D) ​It prevents oxygen and nutrition from reaching the brain of the fetus. 
A) It prevents the transmission of inhibitory synaptic messages. 
B) ​It causes too much myelin to form around the axons in the brain. 
C) ​It causes some neurons that get too little stimulation to self-destruct. 
D) ​It prevents oxygen and nutrition from reaching the brain of the fetus.

Question 13

What evidence suggests a cultural influence on children's choices of toys?​

Accepted Answer

A) Children in wealthier countries have a wider variety of choices of toys. 
B) ​Small children tend to prefer different toys than larger children. 
C) ​Television advertisements can make a toy popular for boys instead of girls. 
D) ​In many cultures, boys prefer dolls and girls prefer toy trucks. 
A) Children in wealthier countries have a wider variety of choices of toys. 
B) ​Small children tend to prefer different toys than larger children. 
C) ​Television advertisements can make a toy popular for boys instead of girls. 
D) ​In many cultures, boys prefer dolls and girls prefer toy trucks.

Question 14

How do infants acquire a fear of crawling over unsafe edges?​

Accepted Answer

A) They develop the fear at a certain age, regardless of any experience. 
B) ​They develop the fear only after falling and getting hurt. 
C) ​They develop the fear only after their parents teach them to be afraid. 
D) ​They develop the fear after a couple weeks of crawling. 
A) They develop the fear at a certain age, regardless of any experience. 
B) ​They develop the fear only after falling and getting hurt. 
C) ​They develop the fear only after their parents teach them to be afraid. 
D) ​They develop the fear after a couple weeks of crawling.

Question 15

What is meant by selective attrition?​

Accepted Answer

A) Some participants fail to answer all the questions on a survey.​ 
B) ​Some participants respond to demand characteristics, and others don't. 
C) ​Those who volunteer for a study may be unrepresentative of the population. 
D) ​Some participants quit before the study finishes. 
A) Some participants fail to answer all the questions on a survey.​ 
B) ​Some participants respond to demand characteristics, and others don't. 
C) ​Those who volunteer for a study may be unrepresentative of the population. 
D) ​Some participants quit before the study finishes.

Question 16

When comparing firstborn to later-born children,what must researchers remember and consider?

Accepted Answer

A) Effects of birth order are more significant for girls than for boys. 
B) ​Some parents give their children more attention than others do. 
C) ​Children in one-child families differ from those in larger families. 
D) ​Child-rearing practices are different today from those of long ago. 
A) Effects of birth order are more significant for girls than for boys. 
B) ​Some parents give their children more attention than others do. 
C) ​Children in one-child families differ from those in larger families. 
D) ​Child-rearing practices are different today from those of long ago.

Question 17

According to Piaget,which of these is an example of egocentric thinking?​

Accepted Answer

A) The child describes an object but cannot say how it would look from a different angle. 
B) ​The child explains things in simpler terms to a younger child than to an adult. 
C) ​The child refuses to share toys with another child. 
D) ​The child exaggerates his or her accomplishments. 
A) The child describes an object but cannot say how it would look from a different angle. 
B) ​The child explains things in simpler terms to a younger child than to an adult. 
C) ​The child refuses to share toys with another child. 
D) ​The child exaggerates his or her accomplishments.

Question 18

​What do people do during both an adolescent identity crisis and a midlife transition?

Accepted Answer

A) They abandon most of their old friendships and make new ones. 
B) ​They consider their goals and future directions. 
C) ​They find someone to blame for their past mistakes. 
D) ​They engage in thrilling but risky activities. 
A) They abandon most of their old friendships and make new ones. 
B) ​They consider their goals and future directions. 
C) ​They find someone to blame for their past mistakes. 
D) ​They engage in thrilling but risky activities.

Question 19

​Which of these attracts the most attention by a 2-day-old human infant?

Accepted Answer

A) A drawing of a face 
B) ​Narrow diagonal black and white stripes 
C) ​A solid red page 
D) ​A square 
A) A drawing of a face 
B) ​Narrow diagonal black and white stripes 
C) ​A solid red page 
D) ​A square

Question 20

​Infants less than 3 days old sucked on a nipple to hear their mother's voice or another woman's voice.What happened?

Accepted Answer

A) They sucked more when they could hear the other woman. 
B) ​They sucked more when they could hear their mother. 
C) ​They sucked vigorously but equally for either voice. 
D) ​They stopped sucking whenever they heard either woman's voice. 
A) They sucked more when they could hear the other woman. 
B) ​They sucked more when they could hear their mother. 
C) ​They sucked vigorously but equally for either voice. 
D) ​They stopped sucking whenever they heard either woman's voice.

Exam 5: Development

The ways in which people of different generations differ from one another are considered to be what?​

​A psychologist who is asking abstract and hypothetical questions might be trying to determine whether a child is in which stage of cognitive development?

​In Piaget's terminology,what is a schema?

A researcher finds that,on average,the firstborns at one high school have higher grades than second- and third-born children.Other than birth order,what else might explain this result?

​A 2½-year-old child is told to "find a toy in the same place in the big room where you see the little toy in the little room." The child fails to find it,unless we change the instructions as follows:

How are Piaget's cognitive stages similar to Erikson's stages of social and emotional development?​

​What type of research study,if any,is most strongly influenced by cohort effects?

​Does a newborn infant look longer at one type of display or another? If so,what?

Studies on object permanence and theory of mind support which generalization?​

​What is a fault of many studies comparing firstborn and later-born children?

Why is a sequential design desirable,when possible?​

How does alcohol lead to the behavioral problems associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?​

What evidence suggests a cultural influence on children's choices of toys?​

How do infants acquire a fear of crawling over unsafe edges?​

What is meant by selective attrition?​

When comparing firstborn to later-born children,what must researchers remember and consider?

According to Piaget,which of these is an example of egocentric thinking?​

​What do people do during both an adolescent identity crisis and a midlife transition?

​Which of these attracts the most attention by a 2-day-old human infant?

​Infants less than 3 days old sucked on a nipple to hear their mother's voice or another woman's voice.What happened?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

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The ways in which people of different generations differ from one another are considered to be what?

A psychologist who is asking abstract and hypothetical questions might be trying to determine whether a child is in which stage of cognitive development?

In Piaget's terminology,what is a schema?

A 2½-year-old child is told to "find a toy in the same place in the big room where you see the little toy in the little room." The child fails to find it,unless we change the instructions as follows:

How are Piaget's cognitive stages similar to Erikson's stages of social and emotional development?

What type of research study,if any,is most strongly influenced by cohort effects?

Does a newborn infant look longer at one type of display or another? If so,what?

Studies on object permanence and theory of mind support which generalization?

What is a fault of many studies comparing firstborn and later-born children?

Why is a sequential design desirable,when possible?

How does alcohol lead to the behavioral problems associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?

What evidence suggests a cultural influence on children's choices of toys?

How do infants acquire a fear of crawling over unsafe edges?

What is meant by selective attrition?

According to Piaget,which of these is an example of egocentric thinking?

What do people do during both an adolescent identity crisis and a midlife transition?

Which of these attracts the most attention by a 2-day-old human infant?

Infants less than 3 days old sucked on a nipple to hear their mother's voice or another woman's voice.What happened?