Question 1

Which of the following is typical of carbohydrate digestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Starch is broken down to sugar in the stomach. 
B)  Polypeptides are broken down to simple sugars in the intestine. 
C)  The pancreas produces several enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion. 
D)  The stomach plays a major role in converting starch to sugar. 
A)  Starch is broken down to sugar in the stomach. 
B)  Polypeptides are broken down to simple sugars in the intestine. 
C)  The pancreas produces several enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion. 
D)  The stomach plays a major role in converting starch to sugar. C

Question 2

The distal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorbs glucose. 
B)  secretes water. 
C)  increases the amount of protein in the nephron. 
D)  regulates ions. 
A)  reabsorbs glucose. 
B)  secretes water. 
C)  increases the amount of protein in the nephron. 
D)  regulates ions. D

Question 3

The liquid material that leaks through capillaries to surrounding cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma. 
B)  mucus. 
C)  tissue fluid. 
D)  blood. 
A)  plasma. 
B)  mucus. 
C)  tissue fluid. 
D)  blood. C

Question 4

Which of the following is not important in getting oxygen from the alveoli into the capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  The difference in oxygen concentration in the blood compared to the alveoli 
B)  The number of alveoli and capillaries present 
C)  The thickness of the capillary-alveolus wall 
D)  The number of nitrogen molecules present in the lungs 
A)  The difference in oxygen concentration in the blood compared to the alveoli 
B)  The number of alveoli and capillaries present 
C)  The thickness of the capillary-alveolus wall 
D)  The number of nitrogen molecules present in the lungs

Question 5

Lymph returns to the circulatory system

Accepted Answer

A)  because it is pumped by the heart. 
B)  by entering large veins near the heart. 
C)  by seeping into capillaries. 
D)  when it enters arteries. 
A)  because it is pumped by the heart. 
B)  by entering large veins near the heart. 
C)  by seeping into capillaries. 
D)  when it enters arteries.

Question 6

Blood flows directly from the intestine, where nutrients enter, to the liver, which

Accepted Answer

A)  removes and alters many of these nutrients. 
B)  adds bile to the blood. 
C)  increases the number of enzymes and completes digestion. 
D)  simply allows the blood to pass through. 
A)  removes and alters many of these nutrients. 
B)  adds bile to the blood. 
C)  increases the number of enzymes and completes digestion. 
D)  simply allows the blood to pass through.

Question 7

CO2 + H2O $\rightarrow$H2CO3 $\rightarrow$HCO3- + H+: This reaction will be proceeding to the left in the blood in the

Accepted Answer

A)  heart. 
B)  muscles. 
C)  lungs. 
D)  liver. 
A)  heart. 
B)  muscles. 
C)  lungs. 
D)  liver.

Question 8

Microvilli

Accepted Answer

A)  provide increased surface area for the exchange of materials. 
B)  provide support for the cell. 
C)  provide channels for the transport of materials within the cell. 
D)  greatly increase the cell's volume. 
A)  provide increased surface area for the exchange of materials. 
B)  provide support for the cell. 
C)  provide channels for the transport of materials within the cell. 
D)  greatly increase the cell's volume.

Question 9

Fat absorption differs from protein and carbohydrate absorption because

Accepted Answer

A)  fats enter lacteals rather than capillaries. 
B)  fats are not broken down before they are absorbed. 
C)  there are no enzymes involved in the breakdown of fats, so they are absorbed as fat molecules. 
D)  glycerol cannot be absorbed by villi. 
A)  fats enter lacteals rather than capillaries. 
B)  fats are not broken down before they are absorbed. 
C)  there are no enzymes involved in the breakdown of fats, so they are absorbed as fat molecules. 
D)  glycerol cannot be absorbed by villi.

Question 10

The primary mechanism that redistributes the flow of blood from one part of the body to another is changes in the

Accepted Answer

A)  rate at which the heart beats. 
B)  rate at which blood is removed from an area. 
C)  strength of the heartbeat. 
D)  diameter of arterioles. 
A)  rate at which the heart beats. 
B)  rate at which blood is removed from an area. 
C)  strength of the heartbeat. 
D)  diameter of arterioles.

Question 11

The primary component of blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  protein. 
B)  white blood cells. 
C)  water. 
D)  salts. 
A)  protein. 
B)  white blood cells. 
C)  water. 
D)  salts.

Question 12

Basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils are also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocytes. 
B)  platelets. 
C)  lymphocytes. 
D)  RBCs. 
A)  leukocytes. 
B)  platelets. 
C)  lymphocytes. 
D)  RBCs.

Question 13

The bile from the liver

Accepted Answer

A)  contains enzymes. 
B)  is stored in the pancreas. 
C)  emulsifies fats. 
D)  is emptied into the stomach. 
A)  contains enzymes. 
B)  is stored in the pancreas. 
C)  emulsifies fats. 
D)  is emptied into the stomach.

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics of capillaries is most directly related to their function of molecular exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capillaries lack muscles. 
B)  Capillaries are located between arteries and veins. 
C)  Capillaries allow blood to flow through them very rapidly. 
D)  Capillaries have extremely thin walls. 
A)  Capillaries lack muscles. 
B)  Capillaries are located between arteries and veins. 
C)  Capillaries allow blood to flow through them very rapidly. 
D)  Capillaries have extremely thin walls.

Question 15

Which is NOT a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  Detoxification of certain molecules 
B)  Removal of glucose and storage as glycogen 
C)  Destruction of fats 
D)  Removal of foreign organisms 
A)  Detoxification of certain molecules 
B)  Removal of glucose and storage as glycogen 
C)  Destruction of fats 
D)  Removal of foreign organisms

Question 16

Providing maximum surface area is NOT a major structural design feature of

Accepted Answer

A)  capillaries. 
B)  microvilli. 
C)  nephrons. 
D)  arteries. 
A)  capillaries. 
B)  microvilli. 
C)  nephrons. 
D)  arteries.

Question 17

The glomerulus

Accepted Answer

A)  is a set of blood vessels. 
B)  secretes glucose into the circulatory system. 
C)  allows large and small molecules to enter Bowman's capsule. 
D)  regulates what molecules enter Bowman's capsule. 
A)  is a set of blood vessels. 
B)  secretes glucose into the circulatory system. 
C)  allows large and small molecules to enter Bowman's capsule. 
D)  regulates what molecules enter Bowman's capsule.

Question 18

Chewing is important because it

Accepted Answer

A)  alters the food chemically. 
B)  adds enzymes that cause starch, proteins, and fats to begin to be broken down. 
C)  increases the surface area exposed to the action of enzymes. 
D)  is required by your mother. 
A)  alters the food chemically. 
B)  adds enzymes that cause starch, proteins, and fats to begin to be broken down. 
C)  increases the surface area exposed to the action of enzymes. 
D)  is required by your mother.

Question 19

Considering the function of the loop of Henle, you would expect the loop of Henle in a desert mammal, which needs to retain water, to be ____ in other mammals.

Accepted Answer

A)  longer than 
B)  shorter than 
C)  wider than 
D)  the same size as 
A)  longer than 
B)  shorter than 
C)  wider than 
D)  the same size as

Question 20

If you had a block of ice and you smashed it into little pieces, the surface area would

Accepted Answer

A)  stay the same but the volume would increase. 
B)  increase but the volume would decrease. 
C)  increase but the volume would not change. 
D)  decrease but the volume would not change. 
A)  stay the same but the volume would increase. 
B)  increase but the volume would decrease. 
C)  increase but the volume would not change. 
D)  decrease but the volume would not change.

Exam 24: Materials Exchange in the Body

Which of the following is typical of carbohydrate digestion?

The distal convoluted tubule

The liquid material that leaks through capillaries to surrounding cells is

Which of the following is not important in getting oxygen from the alveoli into the capillaries?

Lymph returns to the circulatory system

Blood flows directly from the intestine, where nutrients enter, to the liver, which

CO2 + H2O →\rightarrow→ H2CO3 →\rightarrow→ HCO3- + H+: This reaction will be proceeding to the left in the blood in the

Microvilli

Fat absorption differs from protein and carbohydrate absorption because

The primary mechanism that redistributes the flow of blood from one part of the body to another is changes in the

The primary component of blood is

Basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils are also known as

The bile from the liver

Which of the following characteristics of capillaries is most directly related to their function of molecular exchange?

Which is NOT a function of the liver?

Providing maximum surface area is NOT a major structural design feature of

The glomerulus

Chewing is important because it

Considering the function of the loop of Henle, you would expect the loop of Henle in a desert mammal, which needs to retain water, to be ____ in other mammals.

If you had a block of ice and you smashed it into little pieces, the surface area would

What Is Biology

The Basics of Life: Chemistry

Organic Molecules: The Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

Enzymes, Coenzymes, and Energy

Biochemical Pathways: Cellular Respiration

Biochemical Pathways: Photosynthesis

DNA and RNA: The Molecular Basis of Heredity

Cell Division: Proliferation and Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Applications of Biotechnology

Diversity Within Species and Population Genetics

Evolution and Natural Selection

The Formation of Species and Evolutionary Change

Ecosystem Dynamics: The Flow of Energy and Matter

Community Interactions

Population Ecology

Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of Behavior

The Origin of Life and the Evolution of Cells

The Classification and Evolution of Organisms

The Nature of Microorganisms

The Plant Kingdom

The Animal Kingdom

Nutrition: Food and Diet

The Bodys Control Mechanisms and Immunity

Human Reproduction, Sex, and Sexuality

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CO₂ + H₂O $\rightarrow$ H₂CO₃ $\rightarrow$ HCO₃^- + H⁺: This reaction will be proceeding to the left in the blood in the