Question 1

Mitochondria and chloroplasts probably formed as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous generation. 
B)  endosymbiosis. 
C)  coacervates. 
D)  None of the above is correct. 
A)  spontaneous generation. 
B)  endosymbiosis. 
C)  coacervates. 
D)  None of the above is correct.

Question 2

Which of the following gases was probably not present in the atmosphere of primitive Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  ozone 
A)  water 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  ozone

Question 3

The theory of spontaneous generation was supported by

Accepted Answer

A)  Redi. 
B)  Needham. 
C)  Spallanzani. 
D)  Pasteur. 
A)  Redi. 
B)  Needham. 
C)  Spallanzani. 
D)  Pasteur.

Question 4

A probable sequence of the evolution of cells was

Accepted Answer

A)  autotroph $\rightarrow$ aerobic heterotroph $\rightarrow$ anaerobic heterotroph. 
B)  anaerobic heterotroph $\rightarrow$aerobic heterotroph $\rightarrow$ autotroph. 
C)  anaerobic heterotroph $\rightarrow$autotroph $\rightarrow$ aerobic heterotroph. 
D)  aerobic heterotroph $\rightarrow$ autotroph $\rightarrow$ anaerobic heterotroph. 
A)  autotroph $\rightarrow$ aerobic heterotroph $\rightarrow$ anaerobic heterotroph. 
B)  anaerobic heterotroph $\rightarrow$aerobic heterotroph $\rightarrow$ autotroph. 
C)  anaerobic heterotroph $\rightarrow$autotroph $\rightarrow$ aerobic heterotroph. 
D)  aerobic heterotroph $\rightarrow$ autotroph $\rightarrow$ anaerobic heterotroph.

Question 5

In earlier times those who believed that spontaneous generation occurred believed that

Accepted Answer

A)  rotting meat produced maggots. 
B)  only living things could generate life. 
C)  life arrived from outer space. 
D)  organic molecules were produced spontaneously in an oxidizing atmosphere. 
A)  rotting meat produced maggots. 
B)  only living things could generate life. 
C)  life arrived from outer space. 
D)  organic molecules were produced spontaneously in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Question 6

All of the following may have been in the atmosphere of primitive Earth EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen. 
B)  ammonia. 
C)  water. 
D)  oxygen. 
A)  hydrogen. 
B)  ammonia. 
C)  water. 
D)  oxygen.

Question 7

In order to be called a primitive cell, the entity would have to

Accepted Answer

A)  control chemical reactions. 
B)  have genetic material. 
C)  use a source of energy from its surroundings. 
D)  All of these answers are true. 
A)  control chemical reactions. 
B)  have genetic material. 
C)  use a source of energy from its surroundings. 
D)  All of these answers are true.

Question 8

Miller's apparatus was designed to

Accepted Answer

A)  simulate the conditions of early Earth. 
B)  prove how complex organic molecules originated. 
C)  support the theory of biogenesis. 
D)  demonstrate how the first cells originated. 
A)  simulate the conditions of early Earth. 
B)  prove how complex organic molecules originated. 
C)  support the theory of biogenesis. 
D)  demonstrate how the first cells originated.

Question 9

Endosymbiosis is a current theory that explains the origin of

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells. 
B)  some eukaryotic algae from other eukaryotic cells. 
C)  both eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells and the origin of some eukaryotic algae from other eukaryotic cells. 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells. 
B)  some eukaryotic algae from other eukaryotic cells. 
C)  both eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells and the origin of some eukaryotic algae from other eukaryotic cells. 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 10

The Earth's early atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A)  was a reducing atmosphere. 
B)  contained large quantities of ozone. 
C)  was an oxidizing atmosphere. 
D)  was similar to today's atmosphere. 
A)  was a reducing atmosphere. 
B)  contained large quantities of ozone. 
C)  was an oxidizing atmosphere. 
D)  was similar to today's atmosphere.

Question 11

Spallanzani's experiment was criticized because

Accepted Answer

A)  he did not thoroughly sterilize his equipment. 
B)  he did not have a control group. 
C)  he sealed half of his containers, thereby excluding air. 
D)  his sample size was small. 
A)  he did not thoroughly sterilize his equipment. 
B)  he did not have a control group. 
C)  he sealed half of his containers, thereby excluding air. 
D)  his sample size was small.

Question 12

The idea that life came to Earth from a distant planet is called

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous generation. 
B)  panspermia. 
C)  the heterotroph hypothesis. 
D)  endosymbiotic theory. 
A)  spontaneous generation. 
B)  panspermia. 
C)  the heterotroph hypothesis. 
D)  endosymbiotic theory.

Question 13

According to one hypothesis, the first eukaryotic cells originated by

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous generation. 
B)  biogenesis. 
C)  endosymbiosis. 
D)  mitosis. 
A)  spontaneous generation. 
B)  biogenesis. 
C)  endosymbiosis. 
D)  mitosis.

Question 14

If living material is produced from living material, the process is called

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous generation. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  biogenesis. 
D)  oxidation. 
A)  spontaneous generation. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  biogenesis. 
D)  oxidation.

Question 15

According to Oparin's theory, primitive Earth's atmosphere must have lacked

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen. 
B)  hydrogen. 
C)  water. 
D)  nitrogen. 
A)  oxygen. 
B)  hydrogen. 
C)  water. 
D)  nitrogen.

Question 16

To produce organic matter from inorganic matter, energy is needed. Miller's experiment provided two sources of energy. They were

Accepted Answer

A)  ultraviolet light and heat. 
B)  heat and electric sparks. 
C)  electric sparks and ultraviolet light. 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  ultraviolet light and heat. 
B)  heat and electric sparks. 
C)  electric sparks and ultraviolet light. 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 17

_____ was probably not present in the Earth's early atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  H2O 
B)  NH3 
C)  O2 
D)  CO2 
A)  H2O 
B)  NH3 
C)  O2 
D)  CO2

Question 18

Coacervates can

Accepted Answer

A)  absorb chemicals from the environment. 
B)  separate their internal contents from their surroundings. 
C)  be synthesized in the lab. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  absorb chemicals from the environment. 
B)  separate their internal contents from their surroundings. 
C)  be synthesized in the lab. 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 19

Pasteur put the theory of spontaneous generation to rest by

Accepted Answer

A)  employing a swan-neck flask. 
B)  being the first researcher to work under sterile conditions. 
C)  demonstrating the synthesis of organic molecules. 
D)  showing that maggots arise from eggs laid by flies. 
A)  employing a swan-neck flask. 
B)  being the first researcher to work under sterile conditions. 
C)  demonstrating the synthesis of organic molecules. 
D)  showing that maggots arise from eggs laid by flies.

Question 20

If oxygen were present in the Earth's primitive atmosphere, then according to one hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)  the processes leading to the origin of life would occur. 
B)  organic molecules could not form from inorganic molecules. 
C)  reduction reactions would have been possible. 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  the processes leading to the origin of life would occur. 
B)  organic molecules could not form from inorganic molecules. 
C)  reduction reactions would have been possible. 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Exam 19: The Origin of Life and the Evolution of Cells

Mitochondria and chloroplasts probably formed as a result of

Which of the following gases was probably not present in the atmosphere of primitive Earth?

The theory of spontaneous generation was supported by

A probable sequence of the evolution of cells was

In earlier times those who believed that spontaneous generation occurred believed that

All of the following may have been in the atmosphere of primitive Earth EXCEPT

In order to be called a primitive cell, the entity would have to

Miller's apparatus was designed to

Endosymbiosis is a current theory that explains the origin of

The Earth's early atmosphere

Spallanzani's experiment was criticized because

The idea that life came to Earth from a distant planet is called

According to one hypothesis, the first eukaryotic cells originated by

If living material is produced from living material, the process is called

According to Oparin's theory, primitive Earth's atmosphere must have lacked

To produce organic matter from inorganic matter, energy is needed. Miller's experiment provided two sources of energy. They were

_____ was probably not present in the Earth's early atmosphere.

Coacervates can

Pasteur put the theory of spontaneous generation to rest by

If oxygen were present in the Earth's primitive atmosphere, then according to one hypothesis

What Is Biology

The Basics of Life: Chemistry

Organic Molecules: The Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

Enzymes, Coenzymes, and Energy

Biochemical Pathways: Cellular Respiration

Biochemical Pathways: Photosynthesis

DNA and RNA: The Molecular Basis of Heredity

Cell Division: Proliferation and Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Applications of Biotechnology

Diversity Within Species and Population Genetics

Evolution and Natural Selection

The Formation of Species and Evolutionary Change

Ecosystem Dynamics: The Flow of Energy and Matter

Community Interactions

Population Ecology

Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of Behavior

The Classification and Evolution of Organisms

The Nature of Microorganisms

The Plant Kingdom

The Animal Kingdom

Materials Exchange in the Body

Nutrition: Food and Diet

The Bodys Control Mechanisms and Immunity

Human Reproduction, Sex, and Sexuality

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