Question 1

Which design would require the fewest participants?

Accepted Answer

A)  between subjects design 
B)  counterbalanced design 
C)  matched pairs designs 
D)  within-subjects designs 
A)  between subjects design 
B)  counterbalanced design 
C)  matched pairs designs 
D)  within-subjects designs D

Question 2

The matched pairs design has internal validity because of its use of matching.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

What problem is associated with within-subjects experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  subject selection bias 
B)  regression toward the mean 
C)  order effects 
D)  none of the above 
A)  subject selection bias 
B)  regression toward the mean 
C)  order effects 
D)  none of the above C

Question 4

One of the best ways to combat order effects is to randomly determine the sequence in which each participant will get the treatments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Advantages of within- over between-subjects designs include all of the following except that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is less chance of carry-over 
B)  fewer subjects are needed 
C)  there are fewer chance differences between groups 
D)  each subject serves as his or her own control 
A)  there is less chance of carry-over 
B)  fewer subjects are needed 
C)  there are fewer chance differences between groups 
D)  each subject serves as his or her own control

Question 6

As compared to between-subjects designs, within-subjects designs may

Accepted Answer

A)  have more power 
B)  make subjects more aware of the experimental hypothesis 
C)  mistake practice and/or fatigue effects for treatment effects 
D)  all of the above 
A)  have more power 
B)  make subjects more aware of the experimental hypothesis 
C)  mistake practice and/or fatigue effects for treatment effects 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

The matched-pairs design uses matching to reduce the effects of random differences between participants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What steps can be taken to reduce sensitization, practice, fatigue, and carry-over effects?

Accepted Answer

There are several steps that can be take

Question 9

Because matched-pairs designs also use random assignment, you do not have to be concerned with the possibility that participants may figure out your hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The within-subjects design has more power than between-subjects design because it

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminates the effects of random error due to individual differences 
B)  collects more observations from each participant 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  eliminates the effects of random error due to individual differences 
B)  collects more observations from each participant 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 11

A counterbalanced design is one form of a mixed design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

If you cannot study many participants and order effects are a problem, you should use a

Accepted Answer

A)  simple experiment 
B)  matched pairs design 
C)  mixed design 
D)  within subjects design 
A)  simple experiment 
B)  matched pairs design 
C)  mixed design 
D)  within subjects design

Question 13

Counterbalanced designs require more participants than pure within-subjects designs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

If the treatment is a two-level within-subjects factor and counterbalancing is the between-subjects factor, a significant counterbalancing main effect tells you

Accepted Answer

A)  very little 
B)  that a between subjects design should have been used instead 
C)  that subjects getting one sequence of treatments (A-
B)  had a different total score than subjects getting another sequence (B-
A)  
D)  that subjects tended to score differently on their first trial than they did on their second trial 
A)  very little 
B)  that a between subjects design should have been used instead 
C)  that subjects getting one sequence of treatments (A-
B)  had a different total score than subjects getting another sequence (B-
A)  
D)  that subjects tended to score differently on their first trial than they did on their second trial

Question 15

Which design would be least likely to have internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  between subjects design 
B)  matched pairs design 
C)  mixed design 
D)  within-subjects designs 
A)  between subjects design 
B)  matched pairs design 
C)  mixed design 
D)  within-subjects designs

Question 16

Lengthening the time between trials should reduce

Accepted Answer

A)  power 
B)  treatment carry-over effects 
C)  practice effects 
D)  fatigue effects 
A)  power 
B)  treatment carry-over effects 
C)  practice effects 
D)  fatigue effects

Question 17

Matching is desirable only when some uncontrolled variable has a considerable impact on the

Accepted Answer

A)  investigator 
B)  participant 
C)  independent variable 
D)  dependent variable 
A)  investigator 
B)  participant 
C)  independent variable 
D)  dependent variable

Question 18

In the counterbalanced design, participants are randomly assigned to systematically varying sequences of conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If matching is based on an irrelevant variable, the net effect might be

Accepted Answer

A)  a very powerful experiment 
B)  a less powerful experiment 
C)  a more valid experiment 
D)  a less valid experiment 
A)  a very powerful experiment 
B)  a less powerful experiment 
C)  a more valid experiment 
D)  a less valid experiment

Question 20

Using placebo treatments would be most effective in reducing

Accepted Answer

A)  fatigue effects 
B)  practice effects 
C)  sensitization 
D)  treatment carry-over effects 
A)  fatigue effects 
B)  practice effects 
C)  sensitization 
D)  treatment carry-over effects

Which design would require the fewest participants?

The matched pairs design has internal validity because of its use of matching.

What problem is associated with within-subjects experimental designs?

One of the best ways to combat order effects is to randomly determine the sequence in which each participant will get the treatments.

Advantages of within- over between-subjects designs include all of the following except that

As compared to between-subjects designs, within-subjects designs may

The matched-pairs design uses matching to reduce the effects of random differences between participants.

What steps can be taken to reduce sensitization, practice, fatigue, and carry-over effects?

Because matched-pairs designs also use random assignment, you do not have to be concerned with the possibility that participants may figure out your hypothesis.

The within-subjects design has more power than between-subjects design because it

A counterbalanced design is one form of a mixed design.

If you cannot study many participants and order effects are a problem, you should use a

Counterbalanced designs require more participants than pure within-subjects designs.

If the treatment is a two-level within-subjects factor and counterbalancing is the between-subjects factor, a significant counterbalancing main effect tells you

Which design would be least likely to have internal validity?

Lengthening the time between trials should reduce

Matching is desirable only when some uncontrolled variable has a considerable impact on the

In the counterbalanced design, participants are randomly assigned to systematically varying sequences of conditions.

If matching is based on an irrelevant variable, the net effect might be

Using placebo treatments would be most effective in reducing

Psychology, Science, and You

Ethics and Validity

Generating Research Hypotheses

Reading and Evaluating Research

Measuring and Manipulating Variables: Reliability and Validity

Choosing the Best Measure for Your Study

Introduction to Descriptive Methods

Survey Research

Internal Validity

The Simple Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: The Multiple Group Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: Factorial Designs

Single-N Experiments and Quasi-Experiments

Writing Research Proposals and Reports

Appendix E: Using Theory to Generate Research Hypotheses

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Exam 13: Within-Subjects Designs

Which design would require the fewest participants?

The matched pairs design has internal validity because of its use of matching.

What problem is associated with within-subjects experimental designs?

One of the best ways to combat order effects is to randomly determine the sequence in which each participant will get the treatments.

Advantages of within- over between-subjects designs include all of the following except that

As compared to between-subjects designs, within-subjects designs may

The matched-pairs design uses matching to reduce the effects of random differences between participants.

What steps can be taken to reduce sensitization, practice, fatigue, and carry-over effects?

Because matched-pairs designs also use random assignment, you do not have to be concerned with the possibility that participants may figure out your hypothesis.

The within-subjects design has more power than between-subjects design because it

A counterbalanced design is one form of a mixed design.

If you cannot study many participants and order effects are a problem, you should use a

Counterbalanced designs require more participants than pure within-subjects designs.

If the treatment is a two-level within-subjects factor and counterbalancing is the between-subjects factor, a significant counterbalancing main effect tells you

Which design would be least likely to have internal validity?

Lengthening the time between trials should reduce

Matching is desirable only when some uncontrolled variable has a considerable impact on the

In the counterbalanced design, participants are randomly assigned to systematically varying sequences of conditions.

If matching is based on an irrelevant variable, the net effect might be

Using placebo treatments would be most effective in reducing

Psychology, Science, and You

Ethics and Validity

Generating Research Hypotheses

Reading and Evaluating Research

Measuring and Manipulating Variables: Reliability and Validity

Choosing the Best Measure for Your Study

Introduction to Descriptive Methods

Survey Research

Internal Validity

The Simple Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: The Multiple Group Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: Factorial Designs

Single-N Experiments and Quasi-Experiments

Writing Research Proposals and Reports

Appendix E: Using Theory to Generate Research Hypotheses

Filters