Question 1

The A-B-A design is useful in single-n research for ruling out consistent maturation and testing effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The reversal design is superior to the A-B design because it

Accepted Answer

A)  is less likely to mistake maturation effects for treatment effects 
B)  is less likely to mistake testing effects for treatment effects 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  is less likely to mistake maturation effects for treatment effects 
B)  is less likely to mistake testing effects for treatment effects 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b C

Question 3

When a researcher later obtains a second group of participants which is similar to the first group, but has not experienced the treatment like the first group had done, she has a

Accepted Answer

A)  simple experiment 
B)  multiple-baseline design 
C)  time-series design 
D)  non-equivalent control group design 
A)  simple experiment 
B)  multiple-baseline design 
C)  time-series design 
D)  non-equivalent control group design D

Question 4

The time-series design uses fewer participants than the A-B single-n design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Studying participants under highly controlled conditions is most likely to reduce the threat of

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  testing 
D)  regression 
A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  testing 
D)  regression

Question 6

In a highly controlled A-B design, which of the following is NOT a serious threat to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  testing 
D)  none of the above; all are serious threats 
A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  testing 
D)  none of the above; all are serious threats

Question 7

According to the text, the reversal design is superior to the A-B design because it

Accepted Answer

A)  is less likely to mistake history effects for treatment effects 
B)  is less likely to mistake maturation effects for treatment effects 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  is less likely to mistake history effects for treatment effects 
B)  is less likely to mistake maturation effects for treatment effects 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 8

Which is NOT a prerequisite for inferring causality?

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing covariation 
B)  establishing temporal precedence 
C)  establishing that the observed relationship is not due to nontreatment variables 
D)  random assignment 
A)  establishing covariation 
B)  establishing temporal precedence 
C)  establishing that the observed relationship is not due to nontreatment variables 
D)  random assignment

Question 9

People do better on a task because of practice on that task. However, the researcher mistakes this practice effect for a treatment effect. The research's internal validity is poor due to

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  instrumentation 
C)  mortality 
D)  testing 
A)  history 
B)  instrumentation 
C)  mortality 
D)  testing

Question 10

The primary difference between time-series designs and single-n designs is that single-n designs do a better job at

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing temporal precedence 
B)  establishing covariation 
C)  keeping irrelevant variables under control 
D)  all of the above 
A)  establishing temporal precedence 
B)  establishing covariation 
C)  keeping irrelevant variables under control 
D)  all of the above

Question 11

The major advantage of the time-series design over the pretest-posttest design is

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumentation is less of a problem 
B)  history is less of a problem 
C)  the effects of several potential threats to validity can be estimated 
D)  the effects of several potential threats to validity can be controlled 
A)  instrumentation is less of a problem 
B)  history is less of a problem 
C)  the effects of several potential threats to validity can be estimated 
D)  the effects of several potential threats to validity can be controlled

Question 12

In a pretest-posttest design, regression is an unlikely explanation for the results if

Accepted Answer

A)  your measurements are completely free of random error. 
B)  subjects' scores on the pretest were not extreme 
C)  subjects' scores on the posttest were more extreme than their pretest scores 
D)  all of the above 
A)  your measurements are completely free of random error. 
B)  subjects' scores on the pretest were not extreme 
C)  subjects' scores on the posttest were more extreme than their pretest scores 
D)  all of the above

Question 13

The quasi-experimental design is more versatile than an experimental design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

If the score in the treatment condition is higher than the score in the no-treatment condition, ______ has been established.

Accepted Answer

A)  covariation 
B)  temporal precedence 
C)  spuriousness 
D)  causality 
A)  covariation 
B)  temporal precedence 
C)  spuriousness 
D)  causality

Question 15

The reversal design is superior to the A-B design in its ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  handle testing effects 
B)  handle maturation effects 
C)  handle carry-over effects 
D)  both a and b 
A)  handle testing effects 
B)  handle maturation effects 
C)  handle carry-over effects 
D)  both a and b

Question 16

Which is a prerequisite for inferring causality?

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing covariation 
B)  establishing temporal precedence 
C)  establishing that the observed relationship is not spurious 
D)  all of the above 
A)  establishing covariation 
B)  establishing temporal precedence 
C)  establishing that the observed relationship is not spurious 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

Both randomized experimenter and single-n experimenters compare conditions to determine covariation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The value of quasi-experimental designs is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  always have better external validity than a true experiment would 
B)  are more convincing than true experiments 
C)  often can be used to study problems that you could not study using randomized experiments 
D)  all of the above 
A)  always have better external validity than a true experiment would 
B)  are more convincing than true experiments 
C)  often can be used to study problems that you could not study using randomized experiments 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

Temporal precedence is established when you make sure that the change in behavior occurs before the treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

If, in a pretest-posttest design, you administered the pretest and the posttest exactly the same way, you shouldn't have to worry about

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  instrumentation 
C)  mortality 
D)  testing 
A)  history 
B)  instrumentation 
C)  mortality 
D)  testing

The A-B-A design is useful in single-n research for ruling out consistent maturation and testing effects.

The reversal design is superior to the A-B design because it

When a researcher later obtains a second group of participants which is similar to the first group, but has not experienced the treatment like the first group had done, she has a

The time-series design uses fewer participants than the A-B single-n design.

Studying participants under highly controlled conditions is most likely to reduce the threat of

In a highly controlled A-B design, which of the following is NOT a serious threat to internal validity?

According to the text, the reversal design is superior to the A-B design because it

Which is NOT a prerequisite for inferring causality?

People do better on a task because of practice on that task. However, the researcher mistakes this practice effect for a treatment effect. The research's internal validity is poor due to

The primary difference between time-series designs and single-n designs is that single-n designs do a better job at

The major advantage of the time-series design over the pretest-posttest design is

In a pretest-posttest design, regression is an unlikely explanation for the results if

The quasi-experimental design is more versatile than an experimental design.

If the score in the treatment condition is higher than the score in the no-treatment condition, ______ has been established.

The reversal design is superior to the A-B design in its ability to

Which is a prerequisite for inferring causality?

Both randomized experimenter and single-n experimenters compare conditions to determine covariation.

The value of quasi-experimental designs is that they

Temporal precedence is established when you make sure that the change in behavior occurs before the treatment.

If, in a pretest-posttest design, you administered the pretest and the posttest exactly the same way, you shouldn't have to worry about

Psychology, Science, and You

Ethics and Validity

Generating Research Hypotheses

Reading and Evaluating Research

Measuring and Manipulating Variables: Reliability and Validity

Choosing the Best Measure for Your Study

Introduction to Descriptive Methods

Survey Research

Internal Validity

The Simple Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: The Multiple Group Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Writing Research Proposals and Reports

Appendix E: Using Theory to Generate Research Hypotheses

Filters

Exam 14: Single-N Experiments and Quasi-Experiments

The A-B-A design is useful in single-n research for ruling out consistent maturation and testing effects.

The reversal design is superior to the A-B design because it

When a researcher later obtains a second group of participants which is similar to the first group, but has not experienced the treatment like the first group had done, she has a

The time-series design uses fewer participants than the A-B single-n design.

Studying participants under highly controlled conditions is most likely to reduce the threat of

In a highly controlled A-B design, which of the following is NOT a serious threat to internal validity?

According to the text, the reversal design is superior to the A-B design because it

Which is NOT a prerequisite for inferring causality?

People do better on a task because of practice on that task. However, the researcher mistakes this practice effect for a treatment effect. The research's internal validity is poor due to

The primary difference between time-series designs and single-n designs is that single-n designs do a better job at

The major advantage of the time-series design over the pretest-posttest design is

In a pretest-posttest design, regression is an unlikely explanation for the results if

The quasi-experimental design is more versatile than an experimental design.

If the score in the treatment condition is higher than the score in the no-treatment condition, ______ has been established.

The reversal design is superior to the A-B design in its ability to

Which is a prerequisite for inferring causality?

Both randomized experimenter and single-n experimenters compare conditions to determine covariation.

The value of quasi-experimental designs is that they

Temporal precedence is established when you make sure that the change in behavior occurs before the treatment.

If, in a pretest-posttest design, you administered the pretest and the posttest exactly the same way, you shouldn't have to worry about

Psychology, Science, and You

Ethics and Validity

Generating Research Hypotheses

Reading and Evaluating Research

Measuring and Manipulating Variables: Reliability and Validity

Choosing the Best Measure for Your Study

Introduction to Descriptive Methods

Survey Research

Internal Validity

The Simple Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: The Multiple Group Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Writing Research Proposals and Reports

Appendix E: Using Theory to Generate Research Hypotheses

Filters