Exam 7: Individual and Group Differences in Mental Abilities

In general, the beliefs that bright children are sickly, that they burn out early, and that genius is akin to insanity have proven to be true.

Dyslexia is to dyscalculia as

Damage to the right temporal lobe disrupts verbal-symbolic performance more than perceptual-spatial performance.

PKU, Tay-Sachs disease, and galactosemia have in common the fact that they are all

A child?s IQ score on an individual intelligence test varies on the average by approximately five points from one administration of the test to another.

Concerning the matter of a terminal age of intellectual development, the most reasonable conclusion is that intellectual growth

How are learning disabilities in school children defined, identified, and diagnosed by classroom teachers and psychologists?

What are the relationships among the variables of intelligence, social class, occupation, education, place of residence, and family size? Is it possible to isolate the effects of each of the last five variables on the first, and if so, how?

Hyperactivity, inattentiveness, and deficiency in language functions suggest a diagnosis of mental retardation.

Children with learning disabilities are both dyslexic and dyscalculic.

In contrast to the results of cross-sectional investigations, longitudinal studies have found increases in scores on __________ tests occurring well into the sixth decade of life.

The heritability index (h₈), which Arthur Jensen estimated as approximately .80 for intelligence, is equal to

The Rosenthal and Jacobson study of changes in the IQs of pupils in a South San Francisco elementary school was concerned with the effects of __________ on measures of ability and personality

Lewis Terman?s longitudinal study of mentally gifted persons found that they generally had serious adjustment problems both as children and adults.

What were the findings of Termanʹs longitudinal study of gifted children and Stanleyʹs study of mathematically precocious youth? Were the findings of the two studies similar, or did they differ in important respects?

The results of cross-sectional studies suggest that general intelligence increases up through age __________, after which it declines.

Cross-sectional studies compare people of different cohorts.

How are nationality, ethnicity, and sex (gender) related to intelligence? Are the relationships casual ones? If not, what other factors may account for the relationships?

There has been some attempt to eliminate derogatory labels in the diagnosis of mental retardation, but the classification systems of the National Association for Retarded Children and the American Psychiatric Association still employ the terms "moron, imbecile, and idiot."

Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reveal substantial declines in mental abilities during the 70s and 80s.