Question 1

Classical conditioning appears to play an important role in the acquisition of phobias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Habituation functions to

Accepted Answer

A)  make us more responsive to novel stimuli. 
B)  aid us in ignoring unimportant stimuli. 
C)  enhance our susceptibility to classical conditioning. 
D)  prevent us from overreacting emotionally to important stimuli. 
E)  help us respond to an event that occurs repeatedly. 
A)  make us more responsive to novel stimuli. 
B)  aid us in ignoring unimportant stimuli. 
C)  enhance our susceptibility to classical conditioning. 
D)  prevent us from overreacting emotionally to important stimuli. 
E)  help us respond to an event that occurs repeatedly.

Question 3

A(n) __________ is a response tendency conditioned to a signal predicting that the UCS is about to occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned emotional response. 
B)  excitatory conditional response. 
C)  blocking response. 
D)  inhibitory conditional response. 
E)  discriminatory response. 
A)  conditioned emotional response. 
B)  excitatory conditional response. 
C)  blocking response. 
D)  inhibitory conditional response. 
E)  discriminatory response.

Question 4

The discriminative stimulus gains strength as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  its association with the consequences of behaviour. 
B)  becoming a conditional stimulus. 
C)  the conditional responding that it controls. 
D)  being directly reinforced. 
E)  its association with the operant behaviour. 
A)  its association with the consequences of behaviour. 
B)  becoming a conditional stimulus. 
C)  the conditional responding that it controls. 
D)  being directly reinforced. 
E)  its association with the operant behaviour.

Question 5

Behaviour that is negatively reinforced increases because it produces an appetitive stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In operant conditioning which of the following involves an increase in the frequency of a response?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  punishment 
C)  response costs 
D)  positive reinforcement 
E)  both positive and negative reinforcement 
A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  punishment 
C)  response costs 
D)  positive reinforcement 
E)  both positive and negative reinforcement

Question 7

Behaviour that is reinforced intermittently is less susceptible to extinction than behaviour that is reinforced each and every time it occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

If a response tendency has been learned to a CS that signals the absence of the UCS, this is termed an excitatory conditional response

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Imitation appears to

Accepted Answer

A)  be innate. 
B)  occur only in humans. 
C)  be a form of classical conditioning. 
D)  require external forms of reinforcement. 
E)  be a form of operant conditioning. 
A)  be innate. 
B)  occur only in humans. 
C)  be a form of classical conditioning. 
D)  require external forms of reinforcement. 
E)  be a form of operant conditioning.

Question 10

One of important functions of classical conditioning is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the animals makes behavioural associations during the acquisition phase. 
B)  the learner behaves appropriately if reinforced with positive stimuli. 
C)  it enables recognition that neutral stimuli have desirable properties. 
D)  stimuli that signal unimportant events can be ignored. 
E)  previously unimportant stimuli take on some of the properties of the important stimuli with which they are associated. 
A)  the animals makes behavioural associations during the acquisition phase. 
B)  the learner behaves appropriately if reinforced with positive stimuli. 
C)  it enables recognition that neutral stimuli have desirable properties. 
D)  stimuli that signal unimportant events can be ignored. 
E)  previously unimportant stimuli take on some of the properties of the important stimuli with which they are associated.

Question 11

The appearance of the CR when one CS is presented but not when another stimulus is presented is called

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  discrimination. 
E)  dissociation. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  discrimination. 
E)  dissociation.

Question 12

The early studies of insight learning suggested that

Accepted Answer

A)  it may involve a combination of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. 
B)  reinforcement of certain behaviours is required for it to occur. 
C)  it was not due to trial and error learning. 
D)  learning a task and later performing it well requires practice. 
E)  it determines the success of different species. 
A)  it may involve a combination of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. 
B)  reinforcement of certain behaviours is required for it to occur. 
C)  it was not due to trial and error learning. 
D)  learning a task and later performing it well requires practice. 
E)  it determines the success of different species.

Question 13

Insight learning

Accepted Answer

A)  is the result of rote learning. 
B)  involves repeated practice and continued reinforcement. 
C)  is the product of deep imagination and contemplation. 
D)  involves several attempts at discovering a solution, a period of time passing, and the correct solution suddenly occurring. 
E)  a sudden flash of inspiration out of the blue without any real attempt at discovering a solution. 
A)  is the result of rote learning. 
B)  involves repeated practice and continued reinforcement. 
C)  is the product of deep imagination and contemplation. 
D)  involves several attempts at discovering a solution, a period of time passing, and the correct solution suddenly occurring. 
E)  a sudden flash of inspiration out of the blue without any real attempt at discovering a solution.

Question 14

As a result of classical conditioning, an otherwise neutral stimulus may come to acquire favourable or unfavourable properties depending on whether it is associated with a favourable or unfavourable stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Intermittent reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A)  eventually produces extinction. 
B)  involves reinforcing each response. 
C)  is a form of response cost. 
D)  involves non-reinforcement of some responses. 
E)  is a form of shaping. 
A)  eventually produces extinction. 
B)  involves reinforcing each response. 
C)  is a form of response cost. 
D)  involves non-reinforcement of some responses. 
E)  is a form of shaping.

Question 16

One way that conditioned flavour aversions differ from other classically conditioned behaviour is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  can occur with long CS-UCS intervals. 
B)  do not require presentation of a UCS. 
C)  are more common in everyday life. 
D)  do not involve any type of UCR. 
E)  can occur when the UCS is presented long before the CS. 
A)  can occur with long CS-UCS intervals. 
B)  do not require presentation of a UCS. 
C)  are more common in everyday life. 
D)  do not involve any type of UCR. 
E)  can occur when the UCS is presented long before the CS.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement in action?

Accepted Answer

A)  putting down an umbrella when it stops raining 
B)  patting your dog when he obeys you 
C)  taking an aspirin to get rid of a headache 
D)  a mother speaking sharply to her naughty child 
E)  being fined for driving too fast 
A)  putting down an umbrella when it stops raining 
B)  patting your dog when he obeys you 
C)  taking an aspirin to get rid of a headache 
D)  a mother speaking sharply to her naughty child 
E)  being fined for driving too fast

Question 18

In general, the __________ the UCS, the __________ the CR.

Accepted Answer

A)  less intense; stronger 
B)  more intense; weaker 
C)  more frequent the number of presentations of; weaker 
D)  more intense; stronger 
E)  less intense; more frequent the number of presentations of 
A)  less intense; stronger 
B)  more intense; weaker 
C)  more frequent the number of presentations of; weaker 
D)  more intense; stronger 
E)  less intense; more frequent the number of presentations of

Question 19

A chewing gum manufacturer has a widespread TV advertising campaign that show beautiful people consuming their product. Having seen these ads over a few weeks, you find yourself attracted to the chewing gum next time you are in a corner store. In this classical conditioning example __________ is the conditional response

Accepted Answer

A)  the chewing gum 
B)  your attraction to the beautiful people 
C)  the beautiful people 
D)  your attraction to the chewing gum 
E)  the chewing gum manufacturer 
A)  the chewing gum 
B)  your attraction to the beautiful people 
C)  the beautiful people 
D)  your attraction to the chewing gum 
E)  the chewing gum manufacturer

Question 20

The device invented by Skinner in which an animal's behaviour can be controlled, manipulated, and recorded is the

Accepted Answer

A)  puzzle box. 
B)  shuttle box. 
C)  operant chamber. 
D)  radial arm maze. 
E)  cumulative recorder. 
A)  puzzle box. 
B)  shuttle box. 
C)  operant chamber. 
D)  radial arm maze. 
E)  cumulative recorder.

Classical conditioning appears to play an important role in the acquisition of phobias.

Habituation functions to

A(n) __________ is a response tendency conditioned to a signal predicting that the UCS is about to occur.

The discriminative stimulus gains strength as a result of

Behaviour that is negatively reinforced increases because it produces an appetitive stimulus.

In operant conditioning which of the following involves an increase in the frequency of a response?

Behaviour that is reinforced intermittently is less susceptible to extinction than behaviour that is reinforced each and every time it occurs.

If a response tendency has been learned to a CS that signals the absence of the UCS, this is termed an excitatory conditional response

Imitation appears to

One of important functions of classical conditioning is that

The appearance of the CR when one CS is presented but not when another stimulus is presented is called

The early studies of insight learning suggested that

Insight learning

As a result of classical conditioning, an otherwise neutral stimulus may come to acquire favourable or unfavourable properties depending on whether it is associated with a favourable or unfavourable stimulus.

Intermittent reinforcement

One way that conditioned flavour aversions differ from other classically conditioned behaviour is that they

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement in action?

In general, the the UCS, the the CR.

The device invented by Skinner in which an animal's behaviour can be controlled, manipulated, and recorded is the

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Exam 7: Learning and Behaviour

Classical conditioning appears to play an important role in the acquisition of phobias.

Habituation functions to

A(n) __________ is a response tendency conditioned to a signal predicting that the UCS is about to occur.

The discriminative stimulus gains strength as a result of

Behaviour that is negatively reinforced increases because it produces an appetitive stimulus.

In operant conditioning which of the following involves an increase in the frequency of a response?

Behaviour that is reinforced intermittently is less susceptible to extinction than behaviour that is reinforced each and every time it occurs.

If a response tendency has been learned to a CS that signals the absence of the UCS, this is termed an excitatory conditional response

Imitation appears to

One of important functions of classical conditioning is that

The appearance of the CR when one CS is presented but not when another stimulus is presented is called

The early studies of insight learning suggested that

Insight learning

As a result of classical conditioning, an otherwise neutral stimulus may come to acquire favourable or unfavourable properties depending on whether it is associated with a favourable or unfavourable stimulus.

Intermittent reinforcement

One way that conditioned flavour aversions differ from other classically conditioned behaviour is that they

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement in action?

In general, the __________ the UCS, the __________ the CR.

The device invented by Skinner in which an animal's behaviour can be controlled, manipulated, and recorded is the

The Science of Psychology

The Ways and Means of Psychology

Evolution, Heredity, and Behaviour

Biology of Behaviour

Sensation

Perception

Memory

Consciousness

Language

Intelligence and Thinking

Lifespan Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Lifestyle, Stress, and Health

The Nature and Causes of Psychological Disorders

The Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

In general, the the UCS, the the CR.