Exam 7: Learning and Behaviour

In the process of classical conditioning, organisms learn about stimuli that predict that an important event is about to occur.

If we wished to train a rat to press a lever every time it hears a tone, we would use a procedure called

In Pavlov's original research, the dogs only salivated to the sound of the tone if the

As a result of classical conditioning, the __________ gradually comes to elicit the __________.

Societies tend to use aversive stimuli to control the behaviour of their citizens for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

When Wicks & Rankin found that nematoda worms stopped withdrawing in response to repeated taps but still withdrew in response to a heat stimulus, they were demonstrating

Variable schedules are more resistant to extinction than fixed schedules.

One of the two conditions necessary for classical conditioning to occur is that the conditional stimulus must not occur regularly when the unconditional stimulus is absent.

__________ is to members of a species as __________ is to responses.

Explanations of spatial learning and navigation from an operant conditioning perspective have led to redefinition of

The stimulus effects of drugs can exert control over human behaviour reinforced by non-drug stimuli. In essence, these stimulus effects serve as discriminative stimuli.

To be effective, most avoidance responses require

A dog owner is trying to train his dog to respond to hand signals. He finds that when he speaks to the dog in a loud, firm voice while making the signal the training goes well. In contrast, if his voice becomes quiet and gentle the dog training doesn't seem to be as effective. This is an example of

When Salvy and colleagues (2003) gave a distinctive-flavoured food to rats just before they spent time running in a wheel, they would later

Any stimulus that follows a response and decreases the frequency of that response over time is called a

When human subjects were told in an operant experiment that reinforcement was an FI 60-second schedule when in fact it was an FI 30-second schedule, how often did they learn to respond?

An appetitive stimulus is to __________ as an aversive stimulus is to __________.

Which of the following does NOT belong with the other four?

When Erin was a little girl, she used to throw temper tantrums. At first, her parents showered lots of attention on her to get her to quiet down. Soon, though, her parents realized that her tantrums were becoming more frequent. As a result, they decided to completely ignore Erin's tantrums. Erin's tantrums first increased in both frequency and intensity. Gradually, though, they stopped altogether. Erin's parents had effectively employed what operant procedure in eliminating her tantrums?

One reason societies often use aversive control is because it can be effective in changing undesired behaviour quickly.